Children and young people need to be empowered to keep themselves safe — this isn't just about a top-down approach. Children will be children — pushing boundaries and taking risks. At a public swimming pool we have gates, put up signs, have lifeguards and shallow ends, but we also teach children how to swim.

As we increasingly keep our children at home because of fears for their safety outside — in what some see as a 'risk-averse culture' — they will play out their developmental drives to socialize and take risks in the digital world.

We need to take into account children's individual strengths and vulnerabilities, because the factors that can discriminate a 'beneficial' from a 'harmful' experience online and in video games will often be individual factors in the child. The very same content can be useful to a child at a certain point in their life and development and may be equally damaging to another child. That means focusing on the child