Before I reply, let me just say thank you for continuing the discussion. I love debating these things. You bring up a lot of good points.
I wholeheartedly agree with your first paragraph, with perhaps one caveat. I agree it is the government's duty to prevent (or at least punish and thereby deter) fraud on the part of brokers in their dealings with individuals and lenders. My caveat would be that we have to draw a line somewhere between when someone is dumb and/or making a bad decision, and when a broker is misleading them. If someone wasn't told the difference between an ARM and a fixed rate, or pushed into getting an ARM, that would be misleading and shouldn't be allowed. But if someone is shown the difference and still picks the ARM, they need to accept the consequences when the rates jump. Ideally something this simple would be grasped by everyone, and no one would buy ARMs and they'd stop being offered. I think the schools have failed us here, but that's another topic.
FDIC (one New Deal era item I'm still open to supporting) should prevent bank runs nowadays. I don't recall reading about any mass withdrawals in 2008.
If AIG and BoA had made that many bad decisions too that they would have failed, then so be it. Remember - I'm not sold yet on "too big to fail" so saying (right though you are) that more big banks would have been sold off piecemeal with their management shamed and fired - doesn't really sound like a bad thing to me.
I must be from planet Jefferson :) I don't want to sound too much like a Ron Paul nut, but I don't think the Fed should have been created, and I think we should still be on the gold standard. Just because the government has leaped at the chance to be our overlords, does not mean that they should be. Also there are a lot of people that like Justin Beiber - that doesn't make him good, or common sense.
I agree with your assessment of the thinking of the congress, but disagree that they alone must have acted to save the economy. I think if you let them go through bankruptcy, sell off the good parts of the businesses, and discredit/fire the bad actors, within a year you'd have recovery. Notice how the recoveries from the panics of 1837, 1893, 1907 you mentioned were all much quicker than both the great depression and the current recession, when Keynsians made the policy.
And if the people buying the mortgages had to eat losses and not rely on a bailout (and also weren't defrauded by brokers, which I agree the government should act to ensure) they would not buy bad mortgages from brokers. Brokers will not make loans they can't sell.
I like the quote in your sig btw.