I have yet to hear any practical solutions to the following issues, but if you have them then I'm more than willing to listen.
1. Speed of deployment.
Worldwide average is six to eight years. But where is the argument saying that it must be six to eight years? There's no physical law saying that construction must take six to eight years, that is simply the number today. The solution would be, ok, deploy them faster.
In any case, all infrastructure changes take time to implement, not just nuclear power plants. But climate warming is not a problem "today." It is a problem for the entire future of the human race. We will continue to need solutions tomorrow, five years from tomorrow, and fifty years from now.
2. Cost. Nuclear is eye-wateringly expensive.
What is your argument saying that nuclear must be expensive? All the analyses I've ever seen say that the approach of taking a single standardized design and deploying it over and over would be cheap. Your counter is?
3. Proliferation is a real concern.
True. This is the problem that is most often ignored, even by nuclear detractors.
4. Nations are understandably not keen on relying on foreign technology and expertise, and developing their own is expensive and risky (financially and in terms of safety).
I'd call this one an illusion. Nations grab foreign technology and expertise all the time.
5. Grids are moving away from "base load" suppliers to demand shaping
Too complicated to discuss in a slashdot post. Quick answer is, utility markets are all different and have different needs, and the real-world solution has to have a variety of different sources.
6. Safety is still an issue, and so far claims that a reactor is completely safe and unable to fail catastrophically have proven to be, shall we say, "optimistic".
Always a concern, of course. If we can't learn from mistakes, will continue to be a concern. There is a huge literature on the subject, far too extensive to summarize. I'd like to see use of one of the inherently-safe nuclear plant designs.
7. Fuel supply is a concern for many nations, as is disposal of spent fuel.
That's the second issue that is way too often ignored. If we went 100% nuclear and didn't reprocess fuel, we'd run out of uranium. The very first answer is, we can't switch to massive nuclear power usage unless we start to reprocess spent fuel. The social and political difficulties of that are monumental (the technical issues are hard but not impossible). In the longer run, we'd need to start breeder reactors. The social and political difficulties of that are even more monumental (the technical issues are not actually hard).
By the way, I know about thorium reactors (every prototype has had some kind of serious defect)
Thorium reactors been made, and shown the basic idea is not crazy. I am not sure whether the new ideas for thorium reactors are going to be as good as the advocates propose, but I'm technologically optimistic: we can make it work if we choose to put in the effort. Thorium, of course, would solve the fuel problem (at least for longer than the reasonable look-forward time span.)
and Small Modular Reactors (most of the downsides of full size reactors, worse fuel efficiency, and decades away from commercial mass production).
Agree. It was a captivating idea: the big problem with nuclear reactors is that they scale down poorly, so you don't have a path of makimg quick progress on small scales before moving to large scales. Unfortunately, taking a concept that does not scale down well, and saying "I have it! Let's scale it down!" was not a good idea to solve the problem.
If you want to suggest those as solutions, please address the issues I highlighted with them as well.
I personally am not going to solve the problems (My work is on solar energy, and while I do occasionally slide into nuclear, it's isotope power systems, not terrestrial reactor systems). But I see no fundamental reasons that the problems can't be solved. Most of the arguments "these problems are insolvable" stem from an invisible assumption "the technology we currently have deployed and working is the only technology that we will ever have."