Copyright does not work like that. If you AES encrypt something and end up with Star Wars, you are completely in the clear. Your copy of Star Wars is not copyrighted, because it is not a copy of Star Wars, it is just a bunch of random bits that showed up.

The latter.

Yes.

Limiting sales to smart people is not going to get the record company execs any yachts.

Automatic gain adjustment based on proper human hearing models would limit the volume of the range compressed songs, even the peaks. I.e. non-compressed songs would be allowed higher peak volume.

If you do an A B X test, people will consistently prefer loud over quiet, even if the volume difference is small. People still listen to songs on the radio, and if your song is not loud enough, it will not get popular.

This could be trivially avoided if the radio stations did automatic gain adjustment based on a proper model of how humans perceive sound.

I think it will be obvious to the reader which of us uses baseless smear without references.

As to Putin, I have made my views on him perfectly clear. Shall I compare him to Hitler again just to placate you? George Bush junior is no Hitler and not even a Putin, but that is damning with faint praise.

Leaving marks or not is a choice for any half-way competent torturer. Being brutal without leaving marks is something which was first developed around 1920 and which has been refined since then. England, France, and the United States have led the world in this, and various governments around the world have been quick to learn from their examples. The reason is, of course, to mislead people like you into believing that torture is not torture.

See Torture and Democracy by Darius Rejali.

Optimizing one law to aid abuse of a different law does not sound like a good idea.

They could do all that, but really, would they bother? Just to save the cost of a frequency license? That sounds rather far-fetched.

Yes, it is a horrible idea to give those HAM guys more freedom. Every time we relax the rules for them, we get disasters of biblical proportions, dogs and cats living together, mass hysteria!

Wow, your eloquent debating skills really showed me there. I shall immediately change my opinion.

The ambulance drivers were being paid then. They are not being paid now. Fixing that is trivial.

Cell phone network latency is measured from handset to cell. What you do with it after it leaves the cell does not concern the standard.

You can easily do more than one bit per second per Hertz. There is no need to go to 1600GHz. 256 QAM gives you 8 bits per second per Hertz, leaving you with 100GHz. Now go 10-way MIMO and you are at 10GHz. Polarize and you are at 5GHz.

Fitting 20 antennas per supported frequency band into a phone is left as an exercise for the reader.

Also, cell phone networks always calculate as if they have precisely one customer per cell. The 800Gbps is shared.

Don't worry, 2018 leaves plenty of time for crashes to wipe out your retirement plans.

LTE is definitely a generation ahead of 3G. The latency is massively different; 4G feels very different from 3G in the same way that ethernet-over-fibre feels different from VDSL. 4G can actually feel like an OK DSL line. 5G with 1ms latency should be able to compete favourably with low-speed fibre.

(Latency is also why it is laughable that UK providers pretend that they are selling fibre optic broadband. It is a sign of the missing consumer protection laws in the UK.)

Well, in Denmark that would be the random checkpoint. No suspicion or probable cause is needed to ask for a breathalyzer test in Denmark.