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Puzzle Games (Games)

Submission + - Checkers has been Solved

r55man writes: "The Chinook project recently announced that checkers has been solved. Perfect play from both sides results in a draw. From their website:

On May 8, 2007, we were pleased to announce that checkers is now solved. From the standard starting position, Black (who moves first) is guaranteed a draw with perfect play. White (moving second) is also guaranteed a draw, regardless of what Black plays as the opening move. Checkers is the largest game that has been solved to date.
"
User Journal

Submission + - Polar ocean absorbing less CO2 than expected.

je ne sais quoi writes: The BBC is reporting on a study by an international team due out in Science magazine (subscription required). Their finding is that the Southern ocean may be absorbing less CO2 now than 25 years ago.

Why is this important? About half of atmospheric CO2 emissions go into the carbon sinks such as the Southern ocean and this ocean represents about 15% of the global carbon sinks. The interaction of CO2 with the ocean is pretty complex, but on the time scale of the study, there are two main competing effects: the first is that as oceans warm, they absorb less CO2. (This is why your beer is more fizzy when its warm, it can hold less CO2.) The second is that as more CO2 is absorbed into the ocean, more of it converts to bicarbonate (which incidentally, increases of the acidity of the oceans which will also change CO2 solubility).

Previously, it was known that eventually the first factor would win out, temperature would eventually limit CO2 absorption, but they thought it would happen 40 years from now. If this data is correct, it's happening now.

26 Common Climate Myths Debunked 998

holy_calamity writes to mention that New Scientist is revealing the truth behind the '26 most common climate myths' used to muddy the waters in this ongoing heated debate. "Our planet's climate is anything but simple. All kinds of factors influence it, from massive events on the Sun to the growth of microscopic creatures in the oceans, and there are subtle interactions between many of these factors. Yet despite all the complexities, a firm and ever-growing body of evidence points to a clear picture: the world is warming, this warming is due to human activity increasing levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and if emissions continue unabated the warming will too, with increasingly serious consequences."
Space

Submission + - Our Solar System is Perpendicular to Milky Way

eldavojohn writes: "Recent data from the Voyager I & II space craft has revealed that our galaxy is passing through the Milky Way at an angle between 60 and 90 degrees to the disc shape our galaxy forms. From the article, "The findings, detailed in the May 11 issue of the journal Science, suggest the magnetic field in the galactic environment surrounding our solar system is pitched at a sharp angle and not oriented parallel to the plane of the Milky Way as previously thought." The paper in Science explains more about the observations of the magnetic field that exists just outside our solar system and the motivation for drawing this conclusion from it. Definitely revolutionizes the way we thought about our solar system in our galaxy."
Privacy

Bill To Outlaw Genetic Discrimination In US 353

fatduck sends us a brief note from New Scientist about the overwhelming passage in the US House of Representatives of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act. As written, the bill would prohibit insurance companies from charging higher rates, and employers from discriminating in hiring, based on the results of genetic tests. A Boston Globe editorial notes that the bill has been held up in the Senate by the action of a single senator, who has an (outdated) objection based on his anti-abortion stance. President Bush has said he will sign the bill if it reaches his desk.
Supercomputing

Submission + - World's first quantum circuit

Anonymous writes: "NEC, JST and RIKEN have together announced the unveiling of the world's first quantum circuit. The unveiling comes as the third step, after first unveiling the first solid-state qubit and the world's first logic gate between two qubits. This is an important step toward actually using quantum computing for something useful. Previously scientists have only been able to control a single qubit, with good results, but NEC's new circuit makes it possible to use pairs of qubits for computing quantum algorithms and logical functions, and then scale these pairs into a whole quantum computer, sometime in the future."
Space

Wally Schirra Dead at 84 88

UglyTool writes "Wally Schirra, the only astronaut to have flown on the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo missions, died of a heart attack at a hospital in San Diego. Wallyschirra.com has much more on the man, his life, and his contributions to the American Space Program."
IBM

Submission + - IBM researchers push MRI imaging to nanoscale

TheCybernator writes: "Researchers at IBM's Almaden Research Center have developed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to visualize nanoscale objects. The new techniques are a major milestone in the quest to build a microscope that could "see" individual atoms in three dimensions. Using Magnetic Resonance Force Microscopy (MRFM), IBM researchers have captured two-dimensional images of objects as small as 90 nanometers. (A nanometer is one billionth of a meter; a human hair is roughly 100,000 nanometers in diameter.) "Our ultimate goal is to perform three-dimensional imaging of complex structures such as molecules with atomic resolution," said Dan Rugar, manager, Nanoscale Studies, IBM Research. "This would allow scientists to study the atomic structures of molecules — such as proteins — which would represent a huge breakthrough in structural molecular biology." MRFM offers imaging 60,000 times more sensitive than current MRI technology. MRFM uses what is known as force detection to extend the limits of conventional MRI and view structures that would otherwise be too small to be detected. The imaging breakthrough could eventually have major impact on the study of materials ranging from proteins and pharmaceuticals to integrated circuits — that required detailed understanding of the atomic structure. Knowing the exact location of specific atoms within tiny nanoelectronic structures, for example, would improve designers' insight into manufacture and performance. The ability to directly image the detailed atomic structure of proteins would aid the development of new drugs."
The Media

Submission + - Uncovering lost text of the ancients

jd writes: "A very real once-in-a-lifetime three-for-the-price-of-one deal by Alexexander of Aphrodisias is being uncovered by the Walters Art Museum, in collaboration with a vast array of science labs armed with the latest in particle accelerators. It was discovered some time back that a medieval prayer book had re-used parchment previously used to record texts by Archimedes and Hyperides. By bombarding the ancient ink with high energy particles, it was possible to see the lost text even though the surface had been largely scrubbed clean of it. There had been a fuzzy region, though, that they could not read and it was driving them nuts. By subtly adjusting their techniques, the letters finally swam into view — but not anything they had expected. A far more ancient lost text, a critique on the work of Aristotle, has been uncovered. Speaking to the very origins of logic and classification, this is a glimpse into the first steps by the Greeks towards science and a rational explanation of the world."
Power

Submission + - No major scientific hurdle to Z-pinch fusion

nanotrends writes: "The Sandia Z-pinch device can be fired once every 10 seconds thanks to a new device called a linear transformer driver. This achievement has been described as "amazing" and "the biggest breakthrough in energy generation in decades". It seems to indicate that no scientific hurdle stands in the way of nuclear fusion. Just 5-7 years of engineering and configuring about 60 next generation linear transformer drivers. Then refining the system for commercial use starting in 20 years or less. All the pieces are now ready and proven, we just need to put them together for commercial nuclear fusion.

The Z-pinch can operate at 2 billion degrees kelvin which allows for the use of helium 3 for cleaner nuclear fusion

The Z-pinch technology is also the basis of the minimag Orion concept of Andrew Space Minimag Orion could be used for 90 day or less travel to Mars using sub-critical explosions. A full fusion system would be even more powerful."
Biotech

Thin Water Acts Like a Solid 138

Roland Piquepaille writes "What happens when you compress water in a nano-sized space? According to Georgia Tech physicists, water starts to behave like a solid. "The confined water film behaves like a solid in the vertical direction by forming layers parallel to the confining surface, while maintaining it's liquidity in the horizontal direction where it can flow out," said one of the researchers. "Water is a wonderful lubricant, but it flows too easily for many applications. At the one nanometer scale, water is a viscous fluid and could be a much better lubricant," added another one."
Books

Submission + - New Book: "How To Pull An Allnighter"

SmarterThanCaffeine writes: "New Book About How To Pull An All-Nighter Book covers topics such as cognitive effects of sleep deprivation, use of glucose and caffeine during all-nighters, sleep debt, caffeine, avoiding fatty foods, memory, circadian rhythm http://www.emediawire.com/releases/2007/4/emw52001 1.htm Publisher's Web site for this book: http://www.lulu.com/content/710402"
Biotech

Submission + - Stem Cell Signaling Mystery Solved

Anonymous Coward writes: "A newly discovered small molecule called IQ-1 plays a key role in preventing embryonic stem cells from differentiating into one or more specific cell types, allowing them to instead continue growing and dividing indefinitely, according to research performed by a team of scientists who recently have joined the stem cell research efforts at the Keck School of Medicine of USC."
Science

Some Dinosaurs Made Underground Dens 124

anthemaniac writes "Scientists have long puzzled over how some dinosaurs and other creatures survived the asteroid impact that supposedly caused the KT mass extinction 65 million years ago and wiped out all the big dinosaurs. One idea has been that smaller animals, including mammals, could have endured the fallout, the big chill, the subsequent volcanoes, and whatever else by burrowing. Now scientists have come up with the first evidence of burrowing dinosaurs. They speculate that underground dens might explain how some dinosaurs got through long, dark winters at high latitudes, too."

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