Here's the thing: you *can* start practicing medicine, prescribing drugs, charging for advice on the law, auditing financials, etc. Without a degree. Or without a license. But it becomes a matter of risks and rewards and liability. Without the proper education, credentials, licensures, and professional memberships; you can't expect the state, employers, or other individuals to protect you from liability in the case something goes wrong. If you're willing to accept the liability yourself, or have some method of limiting your liability, then do what you will. If you're working with a group of individuals you know aren't going to claim damages or press charges, then the matter of licensing, credentials, etc doesn't matter.
As some examples:
- providing financial auditing to crooks and thieves (the crooks and thieves are motivated not to use the legal system);
- charging money as a consultant to provide (law) advice on a particular topic one may be an expert in (supply/demand economics may allow him to operate in that particular capacity without fear of damages being brought against him; for instance, political pundits, economists, etc );
- going over case history and drug interactions of family members (the person going over drug interactions knows the family member isn't going to sue them);
- starting a business and writing software which prescribes drugs and/or evaluates drug interactions, etc (the entrepreneur/programmer has a limited liability corp and software audits protecting her);
The point being that in each of these cases, liability is contained in some way.
You'll find that entrepreneurs and PhD level professionals regularly are involved in practicing medicine/psychiatry/law/accounting/etc without official licensure and certification, etc. They're simply willing to accept liability or have the necessary protections in place (such as ownership of an LLC).
Now, with regards to IT and software professionals. It's a dumping ground for many of the same underlying reasons. 1) no professional licensure or certification bodies. 2) liability is difficult to track and account for because most IT workers are employees and aren't contracting fee-for-service. But even if you had those things in place, people could still come along without a CS degree or board certification in C++ programming, by way of simply starting their own business and assuming liability and risks themselves.