I play in the Uppsala University Symphony in Sweden. We go on tour all over Europe, and many of us prefer going by train. Many do it for climate reasons, to see more or the places we visit, or the convenience of getting straight to the city centre.
But the train also have extra advantages when traveling with instruments: If you have seen (which a colleague did) a cello being smashed to pieces by airport crew (despite promises of special care), you don't want to check it in. And putting it in the cabin is hard - you need to pay for an extra seat, if allowed at all. Double basses are completely out of question. Even violins and french horns have problem fitting in the overhead rack - and the few that can fit their instrument, have used all their hand luggage allowance.
On the train, you can bring every instrument (except timpani ...) on board, and keep it close to yourself all the time. On the night train, we booked an extra bed (for 10€) for some larger instruments to share, but you can have them standing on the floor too, in your locked compartment. The overhead racks are also much more generous on the train; no problem fitting a bassoon or bass clarinet for example.
And no security theatre, no waiting in lines for boarding, no putting your luggage on the scales and hope for the best: Just go to the train on the station, show the ticket when boarding (on night trains) or during the journey (on day trains). Bring as much or as little luggage as you need - all nearby during the journey.