import pandas as pd

df = pd.read_csv("./foo", header=True, sep = ',')

They actually have this type of smoking gun in the emails from Apple to Google and from Google to Apple.

This is a ridiculously slam dunk case.

The two sites checkio and hackerrank can probably provide you some challenges. They will force you to learn some algorithms (trees, graphs, etc.) which will provide you with tools you need for more complex projects.

Since the essays are grading subject knowledge, and it takes subject knowledge to provide the keywords, it is fairly irrelevant if the essay happens to be structured in a manner that is nonsensical.

Demonstration of deeper understanding, if it needs to be tested, can be achieved via other types of questions.

Most of the important patents are expired, the technology is taking off due to a combination of the relevant patents expiring and Moores law driving down the cost of key components.

This is probably to benefit hunting guides. With a drone, the need for a guide is greatly reduced, and there are lots of Alaskans who make money off of being hunting guides and related services.

That isn't what was promised. What was promised is that the countries would make an appeal to the UN. Russia sits on the UN security council and has a veto, and thus the appeal to the UN has no effect.

I absolutely suck at memorization, so what I did was learn the why of the reaction - which generally was just geometry based (which part of the electron cloud was physically easiest to access - ie steric hinderance); charge based (which atom most 'wanted' the electrons') and energy based (which configurations would be energetically stable with minimum strain and best sharing of electrons).

For my O-chem final - my brain almost completely forgot all of the standard reactions, but I was able to reconstruct reactions and what reactants and environments I needed based on what I wanted the molecule to do; and derive what products to expect based on the above method.

I was one of the people that found ochem easy, but pchem quite difficult.

Jane's did an analysis and basically concluded that the rockets could be chemical, Fuel Air Explosive, or conventional explosive with equal plausibility without any reason to conclude one was more likely than the other. FAE and some conventional explosives can evaporate/dissipate thus the hollow area that humanrights watch is claiming is chemical -can equally likely be the fuel for a fuel air explosive or a conventional explosive.

http://www.janes.com/article/26414/syrian-military-allegedly-used-makeshift-rockets-in-chemical-attack

The government has limited resources and it is literally impossible to enforce all of the federal laws to the full extent. Therefore the government must prioritize enforcement. If some laws are so low in priority that there is no enforcement, then congress can increase funding for federal law enforcement officials if they really want those enforced.

Ideas are only a dime a dozen if you have obvious ideas.

Voodoo is a rather apt analogy. The reason they are used is that they help amplify the belief of the individual that they will get caught in a lie. Thus the reason the FBI are angry is that this teaching will negate the belief that you'll get caught and defeats the psychological manipulation.

Ie if the vooodoo man casts a hex on you, and you believe in voodoo - then you might engage in behavior that makes the hex self fulfilling; but if another voodoo man sells you a talisman to ward off the hex - your belief in the second voodoo man cancels the belief in the first voodoo man.

I'm signed up for almost every coursera MOOC.

I've only officially completed 1, and watched every video for about 30 others, and have downloaded videos 'to watch' for most of the others.

A few things I've found are that

1) Professors seem to like to assign waste of time busy work.

There are lots of classes that require essays or projects where it is essentially a giant waste of the students time. This includes doing videos and presentations for almost any course (a really well taught audio production course wanted every stuent to do a video essentially repeating a subset of the same material he just did. Others have wanted various large scale projects.) Since there would only be 'peer' evaluation of the material, this was all essentially busy work. There are areas where peer evaluation can be useful (some writing with rubrics and such), but mostly it was stuff that wouldn't matter at all from improving learning. Or the amount of learning improved versus the time invested was drastically out of proportion.

The math, science, programming and finance classes tend to 'get it right', only assigning an amount and type of assignment required to understand the material well, not wasting students time.

2) Science, Programming, Finance, Engineering, and Math courses are real courses, courses from Bschool and other sections are often ridiculously simple.

Of course testing and evaluating understanding of computer and science courses is quite easy, but still the quality and type of questions asked in reviews and homework and the type of assignments made sense for the Science/Tech classes; whereas I was sometimes wondering why the other courses had even bother to do a quiz the questions were so ridiculously simple minded.

Kepler is likely a poor choice of analogy. Much more apt is probably religious conversion, or political party conversion, or social movement conversion. Most individuals who have complete reversals of position have neither position based on logic, but on emotion. The individuals will have rationalizations for their emotional decision, but it isn't useful to look at their reasoning, since the 'reason' is generally post hoc rationalization. Usually the actual reason is either a traumatic event (ie death of a family member causing loss or gain of faith; 'betrayal' by a politician) or change in self interest (monetary, sexual mores, regulatory costs/benefits, social welfare costs/benefits).