Maybe so... A big issue would appear to be the "Decentralized" part of DeFi Is not actually that decentralized.

So long as there is an Identifiable corporation running transactions that has access to the assets And can be targeted by a lawsuit;
it's not really "De-centralized" finance, now is it?

Unless you have a 7x24 N hr response add-on support contract they aren't going to answer it at 2am.

Well if you have that, then they take your call, and there are some things they can help with, and some things not so much. It doesn't guarantee the vendor has dev resources committed 24x7 to isolate a software fault.

I mean... for 2AM emergencies, you would be better off 99% of the time by having employees of your own company who would be able to self-support the network, unless what you require is a replacement of parts.

TAC is who you call to assist with the diagnosis and work on the following days After you have replicated the issue On equipment in a Lab, which is hopefully long after you've Figured out a workaround to get the Prod network back up.

It is possible that Cisco sold one or more of those contracts without realizing that at least some of the environment was fake ...

In my experience; Cisco would Not even activate a Smartnet contract without you Uploading a list of Serial Numbers for all the units you are putting under that contract.

I guess in theory it is Not impossible that there aren't Fake units with valid Unique serial numbers that happen to match Units w/a Legitimate status in Cisco's database, but it seems pretty unlikely.

My suspicion is if people are buying them on eBay that they Aren't actually attempting to activate Support for them, as the hardware maker would likely be able to detect something's wrong very quickly Once the legitimate unit on that serial number gets enrolled and suddenly they have Two different customers trying to put the same serial under contract.

Yes, I thought there was a requirement for owners to actually use IPV4 addresses

The IP Numbering system is a public resource technically.. Internet sites require Unique addressing in order to communicate with each other and Create the whole internet ecosystem as we know it: For the network to work... We all have to agree about who gets to use which Network Address ranges, So all the network operators have Decided over their own free will that IANA gets to Create a database delegating IP Addresses to whoever they want based on their Policies, And we all agree to go with whatever IANA says In order to create a well-coordinated system.

In this sense; the Requirement to Have and Keep IP Addresses are Whatever the hell IANA says they are. IANA Themself created a Delegation system which Allocates major blocks out to separate Organizations called Internet Registries, And each Region of the world has an Internet Registry that Assigns and Removes Assignments of IP Addresses, AND Sets all the rules.

You don't have an IP Address without an allocation from either IANA directly or from one of these registries. And the Database is the property of that registry, So you have no "property ownership" in that sense -- You might have a contractual right to maintain some entries in their Database, based on an Adherence to the registries' policies and agreements you signed with the registry. That generally requires maintaining an Ongoing service with the registry and Paying annual fees to keep your registration, But also, the registry can change the rules. You won't have a Permanent assignment agreement guaranteeing you Ownership of range of IP Addresses until the end of time... that Is up to whatever the Community Rules, Active Contracts, and Number Policies are that are in place at the time.

Currently You have to provide Justified need in order to be assigned IPv4 addresses. This is a technical criteria based on network design and how many Customers and Hosts you have which require IP Addresses.

It has long been the Number Registry's position that IP Addresses are not property - Historically, they are administered by IANA policy and never regarded as property. For starters the earliest IANA allocations are Simply assigned without so much as charging a fee. You are assigned IP Addresses you need (if they are available to assign) for your network based on assignment or allocation criteria - Not "sold" IP Addresses. In fact, your registration cost does not historically change based on the number of IP Addresses -- in modern times the NA registry DOES muddy the waters slightly by Charging a larger amount of money for larger assignments, And a higher membership fee for ISPs based on the gross number of active addresses allocated.

If you Don't have the justified need in accordance with the RFC2050, then a Transfer or Assignment of IP Addresses to your organization is supposed to be rejected by the registry.

Numbers for use with the IPv4 Protocol are co-ordinated by IANA and regional registries. These entities administer the assignment of resources according to Number Resource Policies which are adopted through community process, And can be changed through the community process.

Current policy is Not to revoke IP Addresses solely for lack of use; That means if you have justified need in the past and No longer have justified need -- You are Expected to renumber, but the registry does Not force you to renumber, Although ARIN has a contractual Right to audit your address assignments If you maintain registrations with them, and they can exercise that right at any time.

Yeah.. I'm curious what the situation is they're applying the word counterfeit to here.

I know the vendors have a very dim view as to product resales, and it may even be that they consider a Resold genuine unit to be counterfeit if the reseller did not erase all the software from the unit before selling.

I also heard of "Counterfeit SFPs" which are absurd -- the SFP is a standardized module. They are generally all identical from the same suppliers, and Each vendor writes their ID on the chip, and then programs their switch to refuse to use SFP transceivers that were programmed with a different vendor's number.

forcing the IT professional to rely on the trained technical support they paid a lot for and expect to get at 2AM

If that is your plan, then you are kind of screwed. That might be what people think they are paying for, but if you call up Support after hours you'll be lucky if you get an engineer assigned to that case by lunch the next day.

The 2AM "trained" technical support from those vendors is basically useless unless what you require is a hardware RMA; what you need is a few CCIEs around or an on-call consultant, even then it's a next-business day response by the end of the next business day unless your company paid a LOT extra for the highest end support contract.

Sure they can help you get your core switch replaced. This wouldn't be an emergency if the network was designed with redundancy.

TAC won't help troubleshoot the whole network for you at 2 AM and figure out what software glitch or config is breaking your topology - they'll mainly work with you once you have identified the box with the broken part and need send things back for a replacement.

It probably ends up in government server rooms because some Internet Service Provider bought the needed equipment in a Pinch to meet an immediate need, and the official versions have like a 6 Month lead time to order a router, during CovID.

It's generally real working hardware made by the same factory line that produces and assembles the official version.

Meaning it is likely physically identical to the "real" version; Just not Legal.

The "counterfeit" bit is that it's Not created with Cisco's authorization, but it might have their name badge
stamped on it (even if they removed Cisco branding; the company still calls them a counterfeit though).
Also, it's shipped someplace else.

They solved effective AM radio antennas in cars a long time ago. The one in my car works fine. Why would they not make an effective radio now

Because your "effective" AM antenna on the old car is likely built entirely inside the body of your radio.

Your gas-powered vehicle doesn't have to be designed to drive a large amount of current through large magnets (motors), in order to propel the thing.

When the Vehicle is an EV, and no longer gas powered you create a new problem your old gas-powered cars never had to worry about,

The electrical system creates an environment with such EM that you are not able to run that radio from inside the dash, Nope... You are going to need an antenna that far from those electric motors as possible, And heavy shielding of your receiver.

It MIGHT actually be more practical to Have the AM radio somewhere in the trunk; controlled remotely, And send the audio stream over WiFi to the entertainment module.

Seems like a good idea, I think.. If the regulators complain that it isn't permanently installed, then add some Duck tape to tie the radio to the dashboard into the official vehicle specs.

Also, contrary to the mumbling about effective antenna systems: the pocket radio would have No trouble receiving analog AM radio stations, so long as they are broadcasting and you tuned your radio properly and are within a reasonable range of the transmitter.

like saying new laws requiring air bags to be in cars do not require them to be "effective"

The laws don't require airbags to be "effective"; there are specifications the Airbags must follow.
There are thousands of pages and pages of government rules about Airbags specifically.
For starters: 100% of the time they must not deploy when not called for, And they must deploy when called for.

Maybe you can write hundreds and hundreds of pages about radios, But it is not likely that they will,
because a radio is not a safety device. You can operate a car without a radio, and your safety is not any less.

That's like arguing mandates on air bags and antilock brakes does not require them to be "effective".

NO. False. What are you even talking about?

Air bags are governed by a defined safety standard. They are required to perform in a specific manner in a crash which is set out by standards. Similarly, Antilock brakes are Required by the rule to not seize up when the operator applies full braking.

You don't have a defined safety standard Specifying which radio stations a Car radio is To pick up, And how the audio should sound. In fact, it would be extremely difficult to write such a standard, Because this will Vary widely with any radio. There will Always be different AM radio stations that are broadcasting Which you cannot receive, Either due to local conditions, or because There is an external interference source, Or it's too far away, etc.

I.E. You can't write a Standard that says "Your AM Radio shall receive broadcasts from all Stations in the US with Perfect clarity"; It is not possible to specify this as a standard, because the feat is Impossible to begin with. It's not like an Airbag where you can write a rule that says it shall deploy 100% of the time under these crash conditions, etc.

That's not how courts and laws work. This isn't some movie where you have to word things perfectly for a malicious genie. A judge and/or jury would conclude that an "AM radio" necessarily has to be one that actually works in the scenario it is in.

The laws mean what the laws state. The onus falls on you to show proof they broke a rule before they can even get to a jury, and you wouldn't have a proof against them that they broke the rule by not installing an AM radio; when the radio is right there, and they can demonstrate receiving a channel (Any channel).

The regulation stipulates access to AM broadcasts; it does not specify perfect quality audio signal with no electric hum or static, it does not specify WHICH AM broadcasts within what direction and distance, or power,

And it does Not specify kind of gain or receive pattern, directionality, or omnidirectional your antennas should have. Since you are in a vehicle - You are already very limited in your receive capabilities, for example a 15-inch Yagi mounted 30ft in the air pointed at the station you want to receive is a sheer impossibility.

If you try read in extra requirements to the rule that they provide the highest quality, Then you changed the rule from one Not requiring a minimum antenna effectiveness to One that is actually impossible to meet.

The manufacturer would be able to show that the Radio does work.
And you can hear what the speaker is saying on some stations; Even if you cannot hear some stations that could be heard with a proper antenna.

The received audio Can be poor and highly noisy.
The number of stations you can receive May be fewer than someone could hear with a good antenna.

Yes.. It would require an Antenna, but Not an "effective" antenna. If they stuck a stub antenna on the radio with no thought to the design: you would still be able to receive some AM channels -- It would just be fewer channels, and the reception quality would be Poor.

... Effective AM antennas are not exactly small and you have to incorporate one into the design

Nowhere does the requirement say the radio has to come with an Effective antenna. It says AM radio not AM radio antenna.

It just says the vehicle has to come with a radio. They can potentially include a radio in the car that Won't have very good reception, and won't ever give you clean audio due to interference, but it would still meet the definition of an AM radio.

And the owner might just have to bring their own temporary antenna to use it.

The random_key is just a meaningless file name they are trying to Upload to the bucket.

The upload will always be Denied because they are not an Authorized user, but you are charged 1 Request anyways.

This is like having a Shared hosting provider hosting service where One of the billing line items is a Charge for every time you Login to the console, Except they decide to charge every SSH failed login attempt when your username is given as a login as well.

Some poor soul decided to pick "root" as their username, and gets a bill for $10000 due to all the SSH brute forcers out there scanning every IP on the internet.

I guess it's fine.. but you'd better name all your S3 Buckets, and any images you create with max length names that come out of a RNG, so nobody can guess your resource names.