From the point of economics, if the cost of creating materials drops to zero (i.e. Replicators can make food, building materials, all other kinds of goods) then economics as we know it - and subsequently business - would cease to exist in a short period of time. Power would probably be an easily solved equation, since the cost of creating exotic materials for solar, nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, etc would drop (and research into physics and chemistry would explode due to the removal of synthesis in the scientific method). I bet there would indeed be significant backlash (or, cynically, the inventor would be shot and his research destroyed by the industry-government establishment) in the short term, but in the long run society would have a sudden and huge shift in the way it operates.
Land would be more important than any kind of material goods, intellect/technical skills/artistry would rise in importance, and politics would remain relatively the same. Social hierarchies would change for a bit as the people who hunger for power figure out how to get back on top.
I imagine a large chunk of crime would drop off (No need to rob the store if I can get what it makes for free), except for organized crime which would just shrink (The people at the top are about power, not money. The foot-soldiers are just far less interested in playing along).
Unemployment would rise - and with it suicide rates - but it would also no longer be an indicator of what it means now. That is, unless the current power structure imprints itself during the transformative period by creating a large bureaucratic superstructure that sucks up most of the surplus population designed to prevent the shift in mobility - but that wouldn't last very long since money would no longer exist in any meaningful form.
Basically, as I see it, it sounds like what happened in Star Trek was possible because the existing power structures in society were destroyed right around the advent of warp and replicator technology. A society without a WW3-level leveling of politics as we know it would probably get to the same place, where the power was now within appointment to leadership (which would be one part nepotism and one part ability).
I actually think TNG deals with this in a few episodes. I don't know about others, since all I've seen are TNG and Enterprise (and Enterprise was sci-fi for the CW audience, without the level of nuance TNG had).
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Tl;dr:
Economics can be nudged, but never stopped. If prices drop to 0, society follows and the buggy whip makers will eventually get crushed if they try and stop it.