I agree 100% that uber should not be able to just start a taxi service without any regulation and safety standards. But we could simply have all those regulations and standards you mentioned, without the absurd undue burden onto society that are the "limited licenses".
Many industries have government requirements and quality standards without the need of limited licenses, and those industries always trived, wihout anyone saying "I won't open a business because there are no limited licences". Restaurants and hotels for example, don't have limited licenses and yet they are required to follow as many regulations (if not more) than taxis, even hairdressers have as much regulation and safety standards as a taxi but withtout a magical monopoly.
The limited licenses system have absolutely no benefit, none of the "benefits" mentioned by its proponents stand to the slitly scrutiny:
- Revenue would otherwise be spread over too many people so drivers wouldn't earn a living wage: well, with the limited licenses drivers don't earn a living wage, instead the taxi companies (which hold the monopoly tokens) keep most of the profit and pay very little to the drivers. In this situation the drivers have no bargaining power because, unlike any other industries, the worker is not allowed to leave the company and work on their own when the wages are not proportional to the income. The limited licenses artificialy forces a feudal system of serfdom onto the drivers who are then forced to work for peanuts.
- There would be no guarantee there will be drivers available to all times: news flash, taxi drivers are not dumb, if they can earn more by working on odd times with less competition then they will. And if none of the current drivers is willing, then other people will see the oportunity and become drivers specificaly to work those times. This is one of the few cases where "free" market actually works and the market would self balance. Also, no one argues that we need limited corner-shop licences otherwise we can't guarantie there will be corner-shop in all neigbourhoods, instead entrepenorial people naturaly find neigbourhoods that lack a corner-shop and open one there.
So, instead of a sistem of "limited licenses" cities could have simply a sistem of "unlimited licenses" where anyone who fills the required regulations could have their own taxi and work, where taxi drivers unhapy with the distribution of profits have the oportunity to go on their own. That has all the benefits of the current broken system and none of its many disadvantages.