Alternatives to TLA+

BASIC (Beginners' All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) is a group of high-level, general-purpose programming languages that are designed to be easy to use. BASIC was initially designed to support simple mathematical operations. Matrix arithmetic was supported from its first implementation as a batch-language, and character strings were added in 1965. BASIC was born out of a larger movement towards time-sharing. Some dialects of BASIC support matrices and matrix-based operations that can be used to solve a set of simultaneous linear algebraic problems. These dialects directly supported matrix operations like assignment, addition, multiplicand (of compatible matrix types) and evaluation of a determinate. In the 1990s, BASIC's popularity declined as more powerful computers were introduced and advanced programming languages (such as Pascal or C) were made available.

Ada is a state of the art programming language that developers around the world use to create critical software. This includes microkernels, small-footprint embedded systems, large-scale enterprise applications and everything in between. Why Ada? Ada is used because it allows you to write reliable, efficient code and save time. Ada is unique in that it allows you to detect and eliminate bugs as early in the software development cycle as possible, when they are most cost-effective to fix. Ada is able to help you create software that is reliable and safe without sacrificing performance, as demonstrated by many successful applications that have been fielded. Ada is a modern language that provides all the technical features you would expect from a modern language. Support for multicore and concurrent programming.

Swift code is interactive and fun to write. The syntax is concise and expressive, and Swift has modern features developers love. Swift code is safe and produces software that runs lightning fast. Swift is the result years of experience building Apple platforms and the most recent research on programming languages. Swift's APIs are easy to understand and maintain because the names of parameters are written in a simple syntax. You don't even have to use semi-colons. Modules eliminate headers and provide namespaces, while inferred types make code more readable and less likely to be misinterpreted. Strings support international languages and emoji best. They are Unicode-correct and use UTF-8-based encoding to maximize performance for a wide range of use cases. Concurrent code can be written with simple keywords that define asynchronous behavior. This makes your code easier to read and less likely to make errors.

D is a general-purpose programming languages with static typing, system-level access and C-like syntax. The D Programming Language allows you to write fast, read fast and run fast. D is possible thanks to the dedication and hard work of many volunteers and the coordination and outreach by the D Language Foundation, which is a 501(c),(3) non-profit organization. Support the Foundation to help develop the D language and grow our community. You can discuss D on the forums, join IRC channel, read the official Blog, and follow us on Twitter. You can browse the wiki to see the vision and high-level goals of the D Language Foundation. Refer to the Phobos documentation and the language specification. The DMD manual explains how to use the compiler. To deepen your understanding, you can read various articles.

The computer language was designed to program embedded and real-time applications. It is now available for development on Windows, DOS, as well as Unix variants that include macOS. Cross-compilers for Forth, which are commercially available, produce highly optimized code that runs on a variety microprocessors. They also prove themselves to be very adept in custom-hardware environments. Forth is a high level programming language. However, most versions include an assembly language. Software tools are often included in fourth-system providers to allow application code to make the most of system resources. Forth is interactive. It allows you to develop modular, well-tested code in a shorter time frame. It can also lead to very concise code. Programmers aren't used to languages that are concise, direct, and (apparently) simple. Forth is known for its speed of development, lean code and outstanding performance.

Fortran was designed from the ground up to support computationally intensive applications in engineering and science. You can write code that runs fast and close to the metal with mature and battle-tested libraries and compilers. Fortran is statically and heavily typed. This allows the compiler to catch programming errors early. This allows the compiler generate efficient binary code. Fortran is a small language that is easy to learn and use. It is easy to express most mathematical and arithmetic operations on large arrays by simply writing them out on a whiteboard. Fortran is a natively parallel programming languages that uses intuitive array-like syntax to exchange data between CPUs. It is possible to run almost identical code on one CPU, on a shared memory multicore system or on a distributed-memory HPC system or cloud-based system.

It is dynamic, while offering a programming model that supports efficient machine code generation. This includes fine-grained control of dynamic and static behaviors. This document describes the Open Dylan implementation, including a core set Dylan libraries and a library interchange mechanism. The core libraries include many language extensions, a threads interface and object finalization and printing and output formatting module. There are also modules that provide an interface to operating system features like the file system, time, date information, and foreign function interfaces.

Scala combines object-oriented programming with functional programming in a single, concise language. Scala's static type system helps avoid bugs in complex applications. Its JavaScript and JVM runtimes allow you to build high-performance systems and have easy access to large libraries. Scala is intelligent about static types. You don't usually need to tell Scala what the types of your variables are. Instead, it will use its powerful type inference to figure them out. Scala uses case classes to represent structural data types. They implicitly equip the class using meaningful toString, equals, and hashCode methods. They also have the ability to be deconstructed using pattern matching. Scala functions are values. They can be described as anonymous functions using a concise syntax.

Silq, a high-level quantum computing programming language with a robust static type system developed at ETH Zurich, is a new high level programming language. Silq was first published at PLDI '20.

Vala is a programming language that uses modern high-level abstractions and does not impose additional runtime requirements. Vala can be used in many other situations where native binaries are needed. More. GNOME Discourse is available for general discussion and developer discussions. For questions and discussions with developers, you can also join the Vala Matrix channel. Vala is a cross-platform development tool that includes third party distributions that provide binaries for Windows, macOS Linux, BSDs, and other platforms.

Wasp is a full-stack framework designed to accelerate web application development by reducing the amount of boilerplate code developers need to write. By combining React, Node.js, and Prisma, Wasp provides an integrated stack that simplifies frontend, backend, and database management. Developers describe the app's structure in the .wasp configuration file, and the system automatically handles routing, authentication, and other core features. This allows developers to focus on their unique business logic while Wasp handles the rest. Whether building an MVP or a production-grade app, Wasp provides the tools to do it faster and more efficiently.

Carbon Language: A prototype successor to C++. Performance matching C++ with LLVM. Low-level access to bits, addresses and other information. Integrate with existing C++ code from inheritance to templates. You can build fast and scalable C++ builds that integrate with your existing C++ building systems. Solid language foundations that are easy-to-learn, especially if your experience with C++ is a plus. Upgrades between Carbon versions are easy and straightforward using tools. Safer fundamentals and an incremental path to a memory-safe subset. Carbon is fundamentally a successor approach to C++, and not an attempt at incrementally evolving C++. It is designed to interoperate with C++ and facilitate large-scale adoption of and migration for existing C++ developers.

SystemC is your online resource for all things related to SystemC. It is the language for system-level, high-level synthesis and modeling, as well as verification. SystemC™, addresses the need to have a system design language and verification language that can be used with both hardware and software. It is a language that was built in standard C++ and extended by the use of class libraries. It is used to model the system's partitioning, evaluate and verify the assignment blocks to hardware or software implementations, as well as to architect and measure interactions between functional blocks. SystemC is used by leading companies in the electronic design automation (EDA), semiconductor and embedded software industries for architectural exploration. It can deliver high-performance blocks at different levels of abstraction and create virtual platforms for hardware/software collaboration.

Erlang is a programming language that allows you to create highly scalable soft real time systems. It also requires high availability. It is used in e-commerce and instant messaging, banking, telephony, and telecoms. Erlang's runtime system supports concurrency distribution and fault tolerance. OTP is a set of Erlang libraries, design principles, and middleware that allows you to develop these systems. It also includes a distributed database, applications that can interface with other languages, and debugging, as well as release handling tools.

Scheme is a general-purpose programming language for computers. It is a high level language that supports operations on structured data like strings, lists, vectors, and numbers, as well as operations with more traditional data like numbers and characters. Although Scheme is often associated with symbolic applications, it has a rich set of data types that can be used to create complex control structures and a wide range of other data types. Scheme can be used to create text editors, optimize compilers and graphics packages, expert system, numerical applications, financial analysis programs, virtual reality systems, as well as operating systems, graphics, expert systems, operating systems, graphics, expert systems, operating systems, graphic packages, optimization systems, programming languages, and other types of applications. Because it is based only on a few syntactic forms, semantic concepts, and because most implementations are interactive, Scheme is easy to learn. It is difficult to fully understand Scheme.

MATLAB®, a combination of a desktop environment for iterative analysis, design processes, and a programming language that expresses matrix or array mathematics directly, is MATLAB®. It also includes the Live Editor, which allows you to create scripts that combine output, code, and formatted text in an executable notebook. MATLAB toolboxes have been professionally developed, tested and documented. MATLAB apps allow you to see how different algorithms interact with your data. You can repeat the process until you get the results you desire. Then, MATLAB will automatically generate a program to replicate or automate your work. With minor code changes, you can scale your analyses to run on GPUs, clusters, and clouds. You don't need to rewrite any code or learn big-data programming and other out-of-memory methods. Convert MATLAB algorithms automatically to C/C++ and HDL to run on your embedded processor/FPGA/ASIC. Simulink works with MATLAB to support Model-Based Design.

Small Basic is the only programming language that was specifically designed to assist students in moving from block-based coding into text-based. Small Basic teaches the basics of syntax-based languages in a friendly way, giving students the confidence and skills to tackle more complex programming languages like Java and C#. Small Basic can be used to create applications for Kinect and other devices such as the Lego Mindstorm, Raspberry Pi or Arduino, Oculus Rift and many more. Small Basic offers a friendly environment, a simple language, and rich and engaging libraries to make your games and programs pop! You can create your own game in just a few lines. You can share your programs with friends. They can import your published programs to run them on their own computers. You can post your games to your own websites or blogs and then play them in the browser using the Silverlight player.

R is a language and environment that allows for statistical computing and graphics. It is a GNU project that is very similar to the S language environment and environment, which were developed at Bell Laboratories (formerly AT&T now Lucent Technologies) in John Chambers and his colleagues. R can be seen as a different implementation to S. However, most code written for S runs without modification under R. R offers a wide range of statistical (linear, nonlinear modelling and classical statistical tests, time series analysis, classification, clustering and graphic techniques and is extensible. Research in statistical methodology is often done using the S language. R offers an Open Source way to participate in this activity. R's strength is its ability to produce well-designed publications-quality plots, including formulae and mathematical symbols.

Rust is lightning fast and memory efficient. It doesn't require a runtime or garbage collector and can run on embedded devices and integrate with other languages. Rust's rich type system, ownership model, and memory-safety guarantee thread-safety. This allows you to eliminate many types of bugs at compile time. Rust is a great tool with excellent documentation and a friendly compiler that displays useful error messages. Rust's strong ecosystem makes it easy to create a CLI tool. Rust makes it easy to maintain your app and distribute it with confidence. Rust can be used to turbocharge JavaScript one module at a while. You're ready to go!

Cython, an optimizing static compiler, is available for both the Python programming languages and the extended Cython programming languages (based on Pyrex). It makes it as easy to write Python extensions using C. Cython combines the power of Python with C, allowing you to write Python code that calls back to C or C++ natively at any time. Static type declarations can be used to convert readable Python code into plain C performance. Combine source code level debugging to identify bugs in Python, Cython and C code. Large data sets can be interacted with efficiently, e.g. Multi-dimensional NumPy arrays. You can quickly build your applications in the mature, well-used CPython ecosystem. The Cython language, which is a superset Python language, supports calling C functions as well as declaring C types on variables or class attributes.

XAML can be used as a declarative markup language. XAML is a declarative markup language that can be applied to the.NET Core programming system. It makes it easier to create a UI for a.NET Core application. You can create visible UI elements using the declarative XAML Markup. Then, you can separate the UI definition and the run-time logic using code-behind file that is joined to the markup via partial class definitions. XAML represents the instantiation objects in a set of backing types that are defined in assemblies. This is in contrast to other markup languages that are interpreted languages without a direct connection to a backing types system. XAML allows for a workflow that allows two parties to work together on the UI and logic of an app using different tools. XAML files can be represented as text and have the.xaml extension. You can encode the files using any XML encoding but UTF-8 is most common.

Nim is a statically-typed compiled systems programming languages. It combines the best concepts of mature languages such as Ada, Python, and Modula. Nim generates native dependencies-free executables that are not dependent on a virtual computer. They are small and can be redistributed easily. Nim's memory management, which is deterministic and customizable, has destructors and moves semantics that are inspired by C++/Rust. It is well-suited to embedded, hard-realtime applications. Modern concepts such as zero-overhead iterators, compile-time evaluations of user-defined functions, and the preference for value-based datatypes on the stack make code extremely performant. It supports multiple backends: it can compile to C, C++, JavaScript so that Nim is available for all frontend and backend needs.

AMPL is an intuitive and powerful modeling language that can be used to solve complex optimization problems. It allows users to create mathematical models using a syntax that closely resembles algebraic notation. This facilitates a clear and concise presentation of variables, constraints, and objectives. AMPL supports many different types of problems, including linear and nonlinear programming as well as mixed-integer programs. Its ability to separate data and models allows for flexibility and scalability when handling large-scale issues. The platform integrates seamlessly with a variety of solvers both commercial and free, giving users the flexibility to select the best solver for their needs. AMPL is compatible with Windows, macOS and Linux and offers a variety of licensing options.

The Java™, Programming Language is a general purpose, concurrent, strongly typed and class-based object-oriented programming language. It is usually compiled according to the Java Virtual Machine Specification's bytecode instruction set. All source code in the Java programming language is first written in plain text files that end with the.java extension. The javac compiler compiles these source files into.class files. A.class file doesn't contain native code for your processor. Instead, it contains bytecodes (the machine language of the Java Virtual Machine1 [Java VM]). The java launcher tool will then run your application with an instance Java Virtual Machine.

Each expression in Haskell is assigned a type at compile time. All types that are combined by function application must match. The compiler will reject the program if they don't match up. Types are not only a guarantee, but also a language to express the construction of programs. Haskell functions are mathematical functions (i.e. "pure") in every instance. Even side-effecting IO operation are just a description of what to accomplish, and are produced by pure code. There are no instructions or statements, only expressions that can't mutate variables (local and global) or access state such as time or random numbers. You don't need to write every type in Haskell programs. Types can be inferred by unifying each type bidirectionally. You can however write out types or ask the compiler for them to be written for you.

Mature and complete async await for user interfaces that contain event-driven code, paired together with isolate-based concurrency. A programming language that is optimized for creating user interfaces. It includes sound null safety, spread operator for expanding collections, as well as collection if you want to customize the UI for each platform. A flexible type system that allows for rich static analysis and powerful, configurable programming tools lets you write code. JavaScript compilers that are mature and fast for the web can be used to target the web. Backend code that supports your app is written in a single programming language. This collection isn't exhaustive. It's a quick introduction to the language for those who like to learn by doing. You might also like to visit the Dart cheatsheet codelab or language and library tours.

Elixir is an expressive, dynamic language that allows you to create scalable and maintainable applications. Elixir uses the ErlangVM, which is known for its low latency, distributed, fault-tolerant, and fault-tolerant system. Elixir has been successfully used in web development and embedded software. It also supports data ingestion and multimedia processing across many industries. To get started with Elixir, check out our getting started guide or our learning page. All Elixir code runs within lightweight threads of execution, also known as processes. These processes are isolated and exchange information through messages. Because they are lightweight, it is possible to have hundreds of thousands or more processes running simultaneously on the same machine. Isolation allows for processes to be separated, reducing system-wide pauses and making use of all machine resources as efficiently possible (vertical scaling). The process can also communicate with other processes on the same network.

TypeScript adds syntax to JavaScript to allow for tighter integration with your editor. Make sure to catch errors in your editor as soon as possible. TypeScript code can be converted to JavaScript and runs wherever JavaScript runs: in a browser, on Node.js, Deno, or in your apps. TypeScript can understand JavaScript and uses type-inference to provide great tooling for JavaScript without any additional code. 78% of 2020 State of JS respondents used TypeScript, and 93% said they would use it again. Type errors are the most common errors programmers make. A certain type of value was used when a different value was expected. This could be simple typos, failure to understand an API surface, incorrect assumptions about runtime behavior or other errors.

PowerShell is a cross platform task automation and configuration management framework. It consists of a command-line shell as well as a scripting language. PowerShell, unlike other shells that accept and return text, is built on top the.NET Common Language Runtime. (CLR) and accepts and returns.NET object. This fundamental change introduces new tools and methods of automation. PowerShell cmdlets can deal with objects, rather than traditional command-line interfaces. An object is structured information, which is more than the string of characters displayed on the screen. Command output always contains additional information that you can access if you require it. You'll notice a difference in how text-processing tools behave in PowerShell if you've previously used them to process data. To extract specific information, you don’t usually need text-processing software. You can directly access parts of the data by using standard PowerShell object syntax.

C, a programming language that was created in 1972, is still very popular and widely used today. C is a general-purpose imperative and procedural language. The C language is used to create a variety of software and applications. This includes operating systems, code compilers, databases, and many more.

C++ is a simple language with clear expressions. ...), but once one knows the meaning of such characters it can be even more schematic and clear than other languages that rely more on English words. C++'s simplified input/output interface and incorporation of the standard library of templates make data manipulation and communication much easier than in C. It is a programming model in which each component is treated as an object. This replaces or complements the structured programming paradigm that focuses on procedures and parameters.

Clarity brings smart contracts and Bitcoin to life. It is a decidable programming language. This means you can predict the program's behavior from the code. Clarity is not compiled, but interpreted. The source code is available on the blockchain. Clarity provides developers with a safe way for them to create complex smart contracts on the most secure blockchain in the world. Clarity uses a precise and unambiguous syntax which allows developers to predict how their contracts will be executed. The Clarity language allows users the ability to specify their own conditions for transactions. This ensures that a contract will never unexpectedly transfer tokens owned by a user. Clarity contracts are broadcasted on blockchain exactly as developers wrote them. This ensures that developers only execute the code they have analyzed and tested.

Mercury is a fully-code-compatible implementation of BASIC that can be used with Microsoft Visual Basic.NET™. It also takes the language to the next level and opens up new possibilities. Mercury will allow you to use your existing VB.NET projects as well as your Visual Basic™, language experience to create code for any modern target platform. Mercury code can be mixed with any of the five Elements languages within the same project. Our development environments will integrate Mercury language. You can create your projects using our lightweight IDEs Water on Windows and Fire on Mac. They have project templates, code completion, integrated bugging for all platforms, and many more advanced development features. Visual Studio™, 2017, 2019 and 2022 will integrate Mercury. All languages can be used with Elements. You can mix Mercury, C# Swift, Java, Java, Oxygene, and Go within the same project.

A simple-to-use data analysis/visualization environment built on the powerful, fast, and efficient GAUSS Matrix Programming Language. From prototype to production: Integrate custom GAUSS analytics into enterprise or web-applications. You can create custom programs that extend the GAUSS platform into the areas of econometrics and finance. As fast as you can write with a pen and paper, you can code ideas and techniques directly from the GAUSS journals. The GAUSS matrix language allows you to bring cutting-edge math, statistics, and machine learning to life. GAUSS is the result of more than 30 years of innovation and refinement in efficient, native code. This, combined with our optimizing compilers and modern threading capabilities allows you to get answers faster than the competition.

It is simple, fast, safe, and easily compiled. For developing maintainable software. A simple language to build maintainable programs. The documentation is easy to read and you can learn the language in a weekend. In most cases there is only one way to do anything. This makes the code simple, readable, maintainable. This makes it easy to read and maintain. V is simple but powerful. It can be used in almost every field including webdev, gamedev and GUI. It can also be used for embedded science, tooling, and systems programming. V is very similar in appearance to Go. If you are familiar with Go, you already know 80% about V. Bounds checks, No undefined variables, no variable shadowing. Immutable variables by default. Immutable structs default. Option/result and mandatory errors checks. Sum types, generics and immutable function arguments by default. Mutable args must be marked on each call.

GameMaker's proprietary scripting language, the GameMaker Language (or simply GML), is the GameMaker GameMaker Language. This language is designed to allow users to create games in an intuitive and flexible manner, while still offering all the power of major programming languages. It can also be used with GML Visual if necessary. Each event has its own tab within the editor. You can edit, delete, or add code to them at any moment (for more information about events, see Object Events). The code must have a basic structure. It can contain resource indices and variables, functions, expressions or keywords. All of these are explained in the sections below. It is recommended that beginners to programming or those who are making the transition from GML Visual start with the page on basic structure. Next, read through the pages in this section and then test your code within GameMaker.

Mojo - a new language for AI developers. Mojo combines Python's usability with C's performance, unlocking AI hardware programmability and extensibility that is unmatched. Scale Python down to the metal. Programming low-level AI hardware. No C++ or Cuda required. With the most advanced compilers and runtimes, you can harness the full power of your hardware, including the multiple cores, vectors and exotic accelerators. You can achieve performance comparable to C++ and CUDA, without the complexity.

IronPython, an open-source implementation for the Python programming language, is tightly integrated with.NET. IronPython is compatible with.NET and Python libraries. Other.NET languages can also use Python code. With Python Tools for Visual Studio, you can have a more interactive.NET/Python development experience. IronPython, a great addition to.NET that gives Python developers the power of.NET, is a great addition to.NET. IronPython is also available to existing.NET developers. It can be used as a fast, expressive scripting language for writing, testing, and embedding new applications. The CLR is an excellent platform for creating programming languages. The DLR makes it even better for dynamic languages. The.NET (base library, presentation foundation, and so on) is a great tool for developers. Developers have access to a lot of functionality and power through the.NET (base class library, presentation foundation, etc.) IronPython uses Python syntax, standard libraries, and your Python code will need updating accordingly.

Objective-C is the primary programming language that you use to create software for iOS and OS X. It's a superset the C programming language, and provides object-oriented capabilities as well as a dynamic runtime. Objective-C inherits C's syntax, primitive types and flow control statements. It also adds syntax for creating classes and methods. It adds language-level support to object graph management and object literals. Additionally, dynamic typing and binding are provided. Many responsibilities are deferred until runtime. You will spend most of your time building apps for iOS or OS X using objects. These objects are Objective-C classes that you can create yourself or Cocoa Touch.

Synergy DBL, a proven, ANSI standard business language, includes class libraries, a high performance database and.NET interoperability. It is the heart of the Synergy/DE product range. It is flexible and reliable and allows you to create portable, scalable enterprise applications. It supports both structured and object-oriented programming techniques. Synergy DBL is available in two forms: Synergy DBL traditional and Synergy DBL.NET. Traditional Synergy DBL supports many open technologies, including XML, HTTPS and ActiveX, that allow you interface with third-party apps and data. Multi-pass Synergy DBL compiler allows for strong prototyping and other strict errors-detection features. Synergy for.NET allows you to create Synergy libraries or applications that run natively within the.NET framework. You can then extend your applications using.NET Framework libraries, third-party controls, and interoperating with other languages.

OCaml is a general purpose, industrial-strength language for programming. It focuses on safety and expressiveness. OCaml's powerful types system allows for more bugs to be caught at compile time. This makes it easier to maintain large, complex codebases. This makes it a great language for running critical code. The type system is unobtrusive thanks to sophisticated inference, which creates a pleasant developer experience. The bytecode compiler generates small executables that are portable and very fast. The second is a native compiler that produces machine code more efficiently and performs to the same level as modern compilers. OCaml supports the most popular editors. VS Code is recommended to beginners. Emacs and Vim are integrated with VS Code for advanced users. OCaml is a vibrant community with best-in-class tools.

Odin is a general purpose programming language that supports data-oriented programming and modern systems. Odin is the C alternative to the Joy of Programming. Odin was designed to be easy to read, scalable, and orthogonal. Simple is easier to do right than complicated, but clear is better than clever. Odin provides the best performance by providing low-level control over memory layout, memory management, custom allocators, and many other features. Odin was built from the ground up to be compatible with modern computers. It also supports array programming and SOA data types. Programming is a passion that we love solving problems. Programming should bring us joy, so why shouldn't it? Programming with Odin is fun again!

HTML is shorthand for HyperText Markup Language. It is the markup language used by all websites on the internet. HTML is the code websites use to create and structure their websites and web pages.

PureScript is an entirely functional, strongly-typed programming language that compiles JavaScript. It allows developers to create robust web applications, mobile apps, and web servers using functional programming techniques. PureScript has features like algebraic data types and pattern matching. It also offers row polymorphism. The language emphasizes pure functions and strong static typing to ensure code reliability and maintainability. Developers can compile PureScript into readable JavaScript to facilitate seamless integration with existing JavaScript codes. The ecosystem includes a large collection of libraries, excellent tools, and editor support, including instant rebuilds. A vibrant community offers a variety of learning resources including the PureScript book which provides practical projects for beginners.

Julia was designed from the very beginning to be highly performant. Julia programs can be compiled to native code that is efficient for multiple platforms using LLVM. Multiple dispatch is a paradigm that Julia uses, allowing it to easily express many object-oriented or functional programming patterns. This talk explains why multiple dispatch works so well. Julia is dynamically written, feels like a scripting languages, and supports interactive use. Julia offers asynchronous I/O and metaprogramming. It also supports profiling, profiling, logging, debugging, profiling, and more. Julia allows you to build complete applications and microservices. Julia is an open-source project that has over 1,000 contributors. It is available under the MIT License.

Crystal's syntax is heavily inspired from Ruby's. It feels natural to read, easy to write, with the added benefit that it requires less learning curve for Ruby devs. Crystal is statically type-checked so errors in type will be caught before they reach runtime. Crystal also has type inference built-in, which means that most type annotations are unnecessary. Crystal makes all types non-nilable. The available variables are represented by a union of the type and null. The compiler will check for null references during compile time. Crystal's solution to metaprogramming is a powerful macro-system that covers everything from types inspection and basic templating to types inspection and running arbitrary programs.

Microsoft has developed Visual Basic, an object-oriented programming language. Visual Basic makes it easy and fast to create type-safe.NET applications. Visual Basic focuses on supplying more of the features of the Visual Basic Runtime (microsoft.visualbasic.dll) to .NET Core and is the first version of Visual Basic focused on .NET Core. Visual Basic Runtime relies heavily on WinForms. These will be added to a later version. .NET is an open-source platform that allows you to build many types of apps. Regardless of the type of app you are building,.NET makes your code and project files look and behave the same. Each app has the same runtime, API and language capabilities. Visual Basic programs are built from standard building blocks. A solution can be made up of one or more projects. Each project can contain one or more assemblies. Each assembly is compiled using one or more source files.

NoSQL, a domain-specific programming language, is used to access, manage, and manipulate non-tabular database data.

QML is a declarative language which allows user interfaces to describe themselves in terms of their visual components, and how they interact with each other. It is a highly readable language, which allows components to be interconnected dynamically. Additionally, components can be reused and customized within a user-interface. Designers and developers can create fluid animated user interfaces using QtQuick. They also have the option to connect these interfaces with any back-end C++ libraries. QML is both a programming language and a specification of user interfaces. It allows designers and developers to create visually appealing, performant, and fluidly animated applications. QML is a declarative, JSON-like syntax that is highly readable and supports imperative JavaScript expressions with dynamic property bindings.

Assembly language is a low level computer programming language that can be used to control the hardware of a computer. It is composed of symbols and words that are specific instructions for the processor. Assembly language is used to optimize programs written using higher-level languages. It can be more efficient to access memory and other resources.