Alternatives to Starknet

StarkEx generates validity verifications to ensure that only valid data is committed on-chain from computations that have been performed with integrity. StarkEx's huge scaling capabilities are due to the uneven division of computation between the off-chain prover (or on-chain verifier). StarkEx powers self custodial dApps and employs innovative anticensorship mechanisms that ensure that users' funds remain in their custody. StarkEx was designed to meet a wide range of user and application requirements. Applications that want to integrate with StarkEx will arrive on Mainnet in a few weeks, depending on their maturity. State updates can be considered finalized once they have been verified on-chain with validity proofs. This is often quicker than fraud proofs which can take up to a few hours.

zkSync is Ethereum’s most user-centric ZK rollup. ZK rollup does not have an upper limit on the amount it can safely handle in L2. This is unlike any other scaling strategy. All assets can be moved capital-efficiently between ZK rollups and L1. This is in contrast to optimistic rollups. zkSync has the lowest real transaction costs of all planned and existing rollups. zkSync supports meta-transactions and instant confirmations with economic finality. It also offers low-cost privacy and low-cost privacy. zkSync's design is easy and fun. In just a few lines of code, you can integrate payments and atomic swaps. A Rust-based framework allows you to create type-safe and functional-style smart contracts using Zinc. With minimal modifications, deploy your existing EVM codebase.

Loopring is an open protocol that allows you to build scalable, non-custodial Ethereum exchanges. It leverages zero-knowledge proofs, zkRollup, to allow high-performance trading (high throughput and low settlement cost), without compromising Ethereum-level security guarantees. Throughout the trade lifecycle, users always have 100% control over their assets. Loopring allows you to trade on it. Loopring is an open-sourced and audited non-custodial exchange protocol. This means that no one in the Loopring ecosystem has to trust anyone else. With 100% Ethereum-level security guarantees, cryptoassets can be managed by users. Loopring is a highly scalable, decentralized exchange that batch-processes thousands of requests off-chain. This allows for verifiable correct execution via ZKPs. The performance of the underlying blockchains are no longer the bottleneck. Loopring is able to perform most operations, including order matching and trade settlement, using the Ethereum blockchain.

StarkNet's L2 money-market protocol, zkLend, is built on StarkNet. It combines zk-rollup scaleability, superior transaction speeds, cost savings, and Ethereum's security. The protocol offers two solutions: a permissioned and compliance-focused service for institutional clients and a permissionless service to DeFi users. This is all without sacrificing decentralization. zkLend believes that true decentralized finance must be built upon chains that are not only fast, cheap, and scalable, but also secure, decentralized, and secure. zkLend was built on the belief that Ethereum is the best decentralized solution. zk is also the only technology that can scale without compromising the unique properties that make Ethereum so special. StarkNet's L2 money-market protocol, zkLend, is built on StarkNet. It combines zk-rollup scaleability, superior transaction speeds, cost savings, and Ethereum's security. Users will be able deposit their assets into a reserve fund, which will provide liquidity to all money markets.

The Raiden Network, an off-chain scaling solution that enables near-instant, low cost, and scalable payments, is the Raiden Network. It works with any ERC20 compatible token and is complementary to the Ethereum blockchain. The Raiden project continues to be developed. Its mission is to research state channel technology and define protocols. The Raiden Network is an infrastructure layer that sits on top of Ethereum's blockchain. Although the idea is simple, it is complex and difficult to implement. The technicalities can be simplified so developers can use a simple API to create scalable, decentralized applications that are based on Raiden Network. The Raiden Network's basic goal is to eliminate the blockchain consensus bottleneck. This is achieved by leveraging a network payment channels that allow secure transfer of value off-chain.

Smart contracts can be built using mainstream software stacks. You can make a leap from Solidity to the vast array of Linux-supported software components. You can achieve a million-fold increase in computational scalability, large file data availability, and low transaction costs. All this while maintaining the strong security guarantees offered by Ethereum. You can keep your DApps private, from games that hide players' data to Enterprise applications that use sensitive data. Descartes performs large computational tasks off-chain on a Linux virtual computer fully specified by smart contracts. The computations are fully verifiable, and can be enforceable on-chain by Descartes node runners. This preserves the strong security guarantees of underlying blockchain. With multimillion-fold computational gains and strong security guarantees, you can overcome the Ethereum scalability limitations.

Next generation layer 2 for Ethereum DApps. Scale your dApp with your favorite tools at the lowest possible cost. An aggregator is the same role as a node in Ethereum. Client software can make remote procedure calls (RPCs), to an aggregator using the standard API to interact with an Arbitrum network. The aggregator will then call the EthBridge to produce transaction results to the client just like an Ethereum node. Although it is common for clients to use an aggregator to submit transactions to an Arbitrum Chain, this is not mandatory. There is no limit to the number of aggregators that can exist or who can be an aggregater. In order to improve efficiency, aggregators often combine multiple client transactions into one message that can be submitted to Arbitrum. Arbitrum also supports a privileged Sequencer, which can order transactions and provide low latency transaction receipts.

Hermez is an open-source ZK-Rollup that allows for token transfers using Ethereum's wings. It is secure, low-cost, and usable. Hermez seamlessly integrates with the Ethereum ecosystem and allows for low-cost token transfers to create an inclusive economy. High throughput, cost-effective token swaps and transfers. Open-source and decentralized architecture. Secure transactions require computational integrity. Zero-knowledge technology reduces transfer costs, making it easier to access financial services for mainstream adoption. Zero-knowledge-proof technology ensures computation integrity and on-chain data availability while also preserving the public blockchain properties. Hermez's mission to create a secure, resilient, and highly efficient payment network for the next generation digital currencies is to ensure that everyone has the freedom of transacting.

Substrate allows you to create Ethereum-compatible smart contract in popular programming languages and run them much more quickly. Open source, decentralized business model that is funded by developer treasuries from participating blockchains. ParaState's Ewasm VM, or the Parallel SSVM, will work with all existing Ethereum smart contract without any modifications. ParaState supports 20+ programming languages that allow developers to create Ethereum-compatible smart contract. There are many examples, including generic programming languages like Solidity, Fe and Rust and JavaScript. Also, there are domain-specific languages (DSLs), such as MOVE and DeepSEA. Substrate-based Blockchains like Polkadot parachains already have a higher TPS (transactions/second) than Ethereum. Compute performance is more important than throughput for a smart contract platform. ParaState is a great platform for smart contracts.

Boba is the next-generation Ethereum Layer 2 Optimizmistic Rollup scaling solution. It reduces gas fees, increases transaction throughput, and expands smart contract capabilities. Boba provides fast exits backed with community-driven liquidity pools. This reduces the Optimistic Rollup exit time from seven days to just a few minutes and gives LPs incentive yield farming opportunities. Boba's extensible smart contract will allow developers from all over the Ethereum ecosystem to create dApps that invoke code on web-scale infrastructure like AWS Lambda. This allows them to use algorithms that are too expensive or impossible on-chain. We are building Boba with our users and developers in mind. Our goal is to create a pragmatic L2 which is the first step towards opening Ethereum up to the next billion users. Join us in our mission to grow the community.

Meter is a high-performance infrastructure that allows smart contract to scale and travel seamlessly across heterogeneous blockchain networks. Meter is a Layer 1 or Layer 2 blockchain protocol. The Meter system consists two tokens: MTRG (the governance token; eMTRG is an ERC20 version) and MTR (the low-volatility currency to token). Financial assets should be able to flow freely between blockchains. Meter's HotStuff-based consensus permits 1000s of validator nosdes, making it the most decentralized Layer 2 Ethereum. Meter processes thousands upon thousands of transactions per second, and transactions are confirmed almost immediately. Meter Passport allows assets, smart contracts and smart contracts to travel and communicate across heterogeneous Blockchains for the best price and liquidity. Meter is an Ethereum compatible with unique enhancements. Meter is a Layer 2 DEX that is front-running/MEV resistant and fast.

Milkomeda provides rollup technologies to top Layer 1 ecosystems. It offers the most popular smart contracting languages, Solidity, while improving inter-blockchain interoperability and user experience. To reap the benefits of both rollups as well as Solidity, the core foundation must be implemented in non-EVM ecosystems. Devs can port existing Ethereum projects to dApps for a wider selection. You can move faster and more cheaply while still having access to core development and security auditing expertise. Our goal is to use the power of rollups across all chains and to have audits at key points on the roadmap to ensure security. Milkomeda can handle hundreds of transactions per second, without compromising long-term decentralization. We also work with wallets to make the process of moving assets to Milkomeda easy.

Polkadot, a blockchain network, is being built to enable Web3.0. This will allow users to control their data and ensure that markets benefit from network efficiency. Gavin Wood, a former co-founder and CTO at Ethereum, founded Polkadot in 2016. Polkadot's technology solves the major problems that have hindered blockchain adoption over the past few years. Parity Technologies created Polkadot's Substrate software development toolkit that allows blockchain developers to create their own custom, fit for use blockchains. Polkadot allows multiple blockchains to communicate with each other, allows for easy upgrades, and introduces "shared Security", a plug and play network security model that allows developers focus on the technology instead of spending time and resources recruiting operators to run a new Blockchain.

Truebit is a blockchain-enhancement that allows smart contracts to securely execute complex computations in standard programming language languages at lower gas costs. Although smart contracts can correctly perform small computations, large computation tasks pose security threats for blockchains. Truebit addresses this problem by providing a trustless retrofitting oracle that correctly executes computation tasks. Any smart contract can issue a computation task via WebAssembly bycode to this oracle, while anonymous "miners," receive rewards for solving the task correctly. The protocol of the oracle guarantees correctness in two layers. There is a consensus layer where anyone can object if there are faulty solutions and an on-chain mechanism that incentivizes participation and ensures fair compensation. These components are formalized through a combination off-chain architecture and smart contracts on-chain.

Line Trinity is a privacy-conscious network that uses multiple technologies to enhance privacy protection and data security. Trinity state channel allows multiple transactions off-chain to be done quickly. Trinity protocol is completely open-sourced and developers can create their own products using it. Trinity is an off-chain scaling solution that can be used to achieve real-time payments, low transaction fees, scalability, and privacy protection for mainchain assets. Trinity uses state channel technology to significantly increase the transaction throughput on underlying chains and smart contract assets. Cross-chain conversion via TNC facilitates data and value flow among multiple chains. Trinity will be a fully autonomous and decentralized performance-enhancing network for the entire ecosystem and provides all-round support to Dapps on bottom layer chains in the future.

Stacks makes Bitcoin programmable. It allows you to create decentralized apps and smart contract that inherit all the Bitcoin's power. You can build apps and smart contracts using Bitcoin. Stacks connects with Bitcoin, allowing you to create apps, smart contracts and digital assets that are integrated into Bitcoin's capital, security, and network. To support the network's security, and consensus, lock your STX temporarily. As a reward, you will receive Bitcoin that miners can transfer as part Proof of Transfer. Stacks makes Bitcoin's $760B capital programmable using smart contracts. A better financial system built on Bitcoin is possible. It's open, composable and does not require intermediaries. With Clarity smart contracts, you can run your app's logic on blockchain. Clarity is a more secure, predictable language that protects against many bugs and exploits. Ideal for high-stakes code, where bugs are not an option.

Loom Network gives developers the flexibility and usability to create high-performance, user-facing dapps. Loom Network allows you to future-proof your app by deploying once to Loom. It integrates seamlessly to Bitcoin, Ethereum and Binance Chain. Loom Network is a multichain interop system that has been in production since early 2018. The network is optimized for scaling high-performance apps that require a smooth user experience. It allows dapps offer a UX comparable with traditional applications and onboard new customers without the need to download crypto wallet software. Developers can integrate assets from all major blockchains, and also create a dapp once and make it available to all users across all platforms. Developers can also use the token to pay for Loom Network dapp hosting. Developers pay a flat monthly fee to host dapps on Loom, which is different from Ethereum.

Anchor Protocol allows Terra stablecoin deposits for stable yield. It is powered by block rewards from leading proof-of-stake Blockchains. Terra stablecoins are loved by millions of merchants and users for their instant settlements, low fees, and seamless cross-border trade. Mirror Protocol allows for the creation of fungible assets called "synthetics" that track the prices of real world assets. Mirror synthetics will be used to build smart contracts and bring the world's assets onto the blockchain. You can build smart contracts in Rust or Go, or AssemblyScript. Multiple chains can be used, each connected by the Cosmos IIBC. Use Terra stablecoins, onchain swaps, layer 1 oracles as primitives. Terra's payment services can be accessed by dApp users in a permissive manner. Terra plans to make its stablecoins accessible to every developer on every blockchain. Now available on Ethereum and Solana. More to follow.

Polygon (previously Matic Network), is a protocol and framework that allows you to build and connect Ethereum-compatible blockchain networks. Although Ethereum is the preferred blockchain development platform, it has its limitations. Polygon - A protocol and framework for building and connecting Ethereum compatible blockchain networks. Preset blockchain networks can be deployed in one click. A growing number of modules are available for the development of custom networks. Interoperability protocol to exchange arbitrary messages with Ethereum or other blockchain networks. Modular and optional security as a service. Modules for adaptors to enable interoperability with existing blockchain networks. Polygon brings together the best of Ethereum, sovereign and other blockchains in an attractive feature set. For developers.

Acala is an Ethereum-compatible smart contract platform that allows you to scale your DApp to Polkadot. Acala is Polkadot's decentralized finance network. It is a layer-1 smartcontract platform that is scalable, Ethereum compatible, and optimized to DeFi with built in liquidity and ready-made applications. Acala allows developers to access the best of Ethereum with the full power of substrate. It offers trustless exchange, decentralized stabilitycoin (aUSD), liquid stake (LDOT), EVM+ and DOT Liquid Staking. Access DOT-based assets, derivatives, Polkadot native decentralized stablecoin, Polkadot ecosystem assets, and cross-chain assets. Acala's blockchain is tailored for DeFi and can be upgraded without the need to fork to incorporate new features requested by developers. On-chain "keepers" automate protocol execution to better manage risk and improve user experience. They also charge transaction fees with almost any token.

BNB Smart Chain is a blockchain-based platform developed by Binance. It was designed to allow decentralized applications (dApps), and smart contracts. It is a parallel chain that operates alongside Binance Chain. It combines high-speed transactions and the programmability provided by Ethereum-compatible smart contract. BSC uses a Proof-of-Staked-Authority (PoSA) consensus mechanism, which enhances scalability and efficiency while reducing transaction costs. It is compatible with Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), which allows developers to easily port projects and dApps from Ethereum. BSC is a popular platform for Decentralized Finance (DeFi), Gaming, and NFT ecosystems. It offers users a fast and low-cost platform for blockchain-based innovation.

The new scalability stack to Ethereum. Instant transactions and scalable smart contract. Optimism (PBC) is a for-profit corporation that produces a public benefit while also operating in a responsible, sustainable manner. This means that we have to balance the stockholders' interests with the best interests for those who are most affected by our conduct. We also have a "public benefit charter" that we were incorporated with. The Company's specific public benefit purpose is to increase and enshrine fair internet access through the development open-source software. This charter is our promise to the Ethereum community that we will uphold its values and produce infrastructure that promotes the growth of an ecosystem of public good.

Godwoken is an optimistic rollup that inherits security from layer 1. Godwoken offers instant transaction finality, low fees, and an entirely Ethereum compatible environment on Nervos. Nervos will allow Ethereum blockchain developers to seamlessly port dApps, making them part of the next generation DeFi ecosystem. Godwoken is an inherently multi-chain solution that uses advanced account abstraction. This allows for flexible wallet support or traditional user accounts for an internet-like experience. Nervos' Force Bridge allows cross-chain assets like ETH and ERC-20 tokens to be used on deployed dApps.

Bitcoin Lightning Network. Instant Payments. Lightning-fast, blockchain payments without the need for block confirmation. Blockchain smart-contracts ensure security without the need to create an on-blockchain transaction for individual transactions. Payment speed is measured in milliseconds to seconds. Scalability. The network can handle millions to billions in transactions per second. Legacy payment rails are thrown out the window by this capacity. It is now possible to attach payment per click/action without custodians. Low cost. Lightning Network allows for extremely low fees by transacting and settling off blockchain. This allows for emerging use cases like instant micropayments. Cross Blockchains. Cross-chain atomic Swaps can be made off-chain immediately using heterogeneous blockchain consensus rules. Transactios can be made across blockchains as long as they support the same cryptographic haveh function.

Edgeware is a platform that will enable the next generation decentralized applications. Edgeware allows Ethereum developers to deploy Solidity/EVM smart contract with minimal or no changes. New developers can also start with Rust, WebAssembly, and other languages. To expand the network and explore new ideas, organizers and builders can join one of the many Edgeware collectives. The treasury is governed by a well-established, widely distributed group of stakeholders, which was established during the lockdrop, the largest Ethereum token generation event in 2018. Edgeware gives you control over your identity and data. You can participate in the community with your real name or anonymously. Contributing to the community can help you build a reputation.

Earn by investing in Ethereum's first private computer. Keep is the best way for you to support a truly decentralized network. The public blockchain will have a privacy-focused infrastructure. The Keep network allows private data without compromising confidentiality to be used on public protocols. Keep is the only protocol truly decentralized. "Keeps" are offchain containers that allow contracts access to private data without having it exposed to the public blockchain. The Keep network stores data at the highest encryption level. Keep and tBTC were audited by the most powerful firms in the ecosystem. To earn rewards and secure Keep, learn more about how to stake on the network. Keep is a privacy layer which allows private data to be leveraged in public blockchains without compromising security and confidentiality. Keep is the network behind tBTC (the first secure and decentralized tokenized Bitcoin on Ethereum).

Mode is Ethereum L2, which rewards you for expanding the network through new economic mechanisms. Mode is a new onchain economy that rewards contributions to network growth. Developers receive a percentage of the sequencer fees generated by their contracts. The smart treasury of Mode will be used to automate rewards across the ecosystem. Mode is built using the modular OP stack, and is a part of the superchain along with base and OP mainnet. Mode name service allows for seamless user-centric engagement on the mode blockchain. The mode bridge lets you transfer assets between L1 mode.

Open source community dedicated towards scaling Bitcoin, particularly its proof-of work security, in order to meet global needs, and emerging use cases while staying as close to Bitcoin's original ideas as possible. Syscoin has evolved over ten years on the mainnet and the foresight in its design gives it an advantage. It provides a comprehensive network for projects that aim to achieve Bitcoin L2. Syscoin, a mainnet Bitcoin L2, provides a data-availability protocol that scales. This makes EVM and AltVM rollsups possible on Bitcoin. Syscoin, which is merge-mined using a majority of Bitcoin hash rate to anchor rollups with Bitcoin's proof-ofwork, works with the existing sequencer architectures for rollups. Syscoin gives Bitcoin a scalable data layer that is required for rollups and other EVM or AltVM to tap into Bitcoin’s network in a secure and scalable manner.

Base is an Ethereum L2 that is low-cost, secure, and developer-friendly. It was created to bring the next billion people to the web3. Base has the security and scalability that you need to power your apps. It leverages Ethereum's underlying security and allows you to confidently access Base from Coinbase, Ethereum L1, or other interoperable chains. The EVM environment is available at a fraction the price. Get early access to Ethereum features such as Account Abstraction (ERC4337), simple APIs for gasless transactions and smart contract wallets. Base is built on Optimism’s open-source OP Stack. Base allows decentralized apps to easily leverage Coinbase's products distribution and products. Easy fiat onramps and seamless Coinbase integrations are all possible.

Unichain is an Ethereum L2 optimized for DeFi, and designed to be the home of liquidity across chains. Unichain is an Ethereum Layer 2 platform that focuses on cost-efficiency and liquidity. It offers faster and cheaper transactions, with block times of just one second. It also aims to reduce transaction costs by 20x when compared to Ethereum. It is built on the OP Stack and promotes scalability. Open-source innovations are also promoted, as well as future enhancements such as Provable Block Building. Unichain is a resource for developers and users of the DeFi ecosystem, offering resources to deploy smart contracts and create liquidity pools. Our experience in building the largest decentralized trading platform in the world has informed our design. Unichain is based on the OP stack. Unichain's technical innovations are open source and available to any rollup. A network of full-nodes monitors and validates the actions of the Sequencer, bringing faster transactions to Unichain and more decentralization.

Technology that allows for frictionless financing. We are the technology company that developed and built the first open, permissionless, pure-proof-of-stake blockchain protocol. This protocol, which is free from forking, provides the security, scalability and decentralization necessary for today's economy. We are a team of award-winning professionals that enable traditional finance and decentralized financial companies to embrace frictionless finance. Advanced technology opens the door to sophisticated applications. DeFi solutions and DeApps with smart contract capabilities can scale to billions of people, tens or millions of transactions per day, and incur negligible transaction fees. Algorand Standard Assets, which are standard blockchain assets, have customizable options and can be found directly in Layer-1. Layer-1 provides secure transactions and transaction settlement for multiparty transactions. Facilitating enterprise adoption of decentralized finance

The second layer 2 for NFTs on Ethereum. Zero gas fees, instant trades, and scaling for games, apps, marketplaces, with no compromise. Digital asset trading is the future. We are ensuring NFTs can be traded in an open, decentralized environment, secured by Ethereum. Zero gas fees for peer to peer trading. You can set your own trading fees. There is no custodial risk. Users keep their private keys. Massive scaleability, up to 9,000+ TPS. Not a centralized sidechain. ERC-20 and ERC-721 are supported by Ethereum. True L2 inheriting security of the L1. Immutable X Mint is a secure way for you to quickly create and distribute assets on a large scale. ERC-721 tokens and ERC-20 tokens can be created. These tokens can be used for both single and bulk minting. Zero gas costs. Instantly tradeable assets. Same security as mainnet Ethereum. We'll help you onboard your team and provide technical consulting on critical connections.

Harmony is a fast and open blockchain. Our mainnet runs Ethereum applications at a speed of two seconds and with 100 times lower fees. Harmony's secure bridges allow cross-chain asset transfers between Ethereum, Binance, and other chains. Harmony is a platform that allows creators to connect with the community. Harmony's bridges are able to connect any Proof of Work and Proof of Stake chains. FlyClient architecture is completely trustless and extremely gas-efficient. Our bridges for Ethereum or Binance Smart Chain currently secure tens to millions of cross-chain assets. Developers can simply change the Chain ID to enjoy faster executions of EVMs identical at bytecode level. They can easily migrate to Harmony using their familiar Web3 tooling. What about users? Users can use MetaMask and Ledger as usual, but they will now only have to pay minimal fees. Any Ethereum portal or wallet can work on Harmony without any code modifications or new installs.

Your dApps can be run in a modular cloud decentralized for real-world requirements and configured to your specifications. SKALE Networks' modular protocol allows developers to quickly and easily create highly configurable blockchains. This provides the benefits of decentralization without compromising computation, storage, security, or both. Elastic blockchains are highly efficient, decentralized, configurable and Ethereum compatible. They also use the most recent advances in cryptography to provide security. BFT is the standard for security in distributed systems. It guarantees that the network can reach consensus, even if up to one-third of participants are malicious. This protocol is based on the Internet's model and recognizes the latencies of the network and nodes. This allows messages to take indefinite time to reach their intended recipients. BLS Threshold Signatures allow efficient interchain communication and support randomness for node allocation.

The original Layer 1 blockchain project is now launching a revolutionary public network that allows smart contracts to run at web speed, scale well, and reduce computing costs by as much as a million times. You can build everything, from DeFi to mass-market tokenized social media services that run off-chain, or extend Ethereum apps. Chase the blockchain singularity. Blockchain is limitless with the speed, power and scale of the Internet. Smart contracts are the only way to create tokenized mass-market social media services.

COMBO is a leader in scaling solutions for Web3 games. COMBO builds an open-source, decentralized protocol for games that is accessible to all by leveraging the top game engine in the world. It aims at maximising the potential of Web3-based games by connecting developers with the ecosystem in a secure, efficient, and affordable way. COMBO has formed partnerships with the leading Web3 infrastructure projects in order to provide comprehensive development tools and integrated game engines. These advanced tools will help game developers easily enter the Web3 world and simplify and speed up their game development processes. By using optimistic rollup we can achieve 5,000 TPS and keep the gas price as low as 0.000000008 Gwei. COMBO has established full-fledged partnership with leading Web3 Infrastructure projects to provide comprehensive toolchains for development and built-in games engines.

The Darwinia Network allows you to access the Polkadot ecosystem for projects that were deployed on public blockchains like Ethereum or BSC. The Darwinia Smart App can be used with the Ethereum virtual machine and supports DApps like Defi or NFT that can easily be migrated to Polkadot. The Darwinia network offers a high-quality experience for users, with very low transaction fees as well as fast transaction confirmation speeds. The Darwinia Network has a solid governance system that allows token holders to submit proposals. Upgrades to the network can be coordinated on-chain and enacted independently, ensuring Darwinia's development is reflective of the community's values and avoids stagnation. KTON and RING are the Darwinia Network's native tokens. KTON is a derivative token of RING that encourages long-term involvement. Darwinia Network, a blockchain technology company, was established in Singapore in 2018.

Clique is an innovative infrastructure company that enhances applications on-chain by integrating Trusted Execution Environments for secure, verifiable and efficient off-chain calculations. Their TEE network works as an off-chain AWS Lambda, enabling confidential and verified function calls for smart contract. Clique's SDKs allow developers to create custom executors and interact with smart contracts. They can also verify attested signatures in-chain. The platform supports multiple TEEs, including Intel SGX and TDX models, AMD SEV, AWS Nitro and AMD SEV-SNP. This ensures robust security and flexibility. Clique's solution caters to applications that require low-latency operation, privacy preservation, external data support and such things as off-chain oracles, data sharing and TLS. Clique has served over 750,000 users and facilitated more than $3.5 billion worth of on-chain transactions.

DAppChain, TRON's sidechain project, is called DAppChain. DApps can now operate on TRON with lower energy consumption and faster speeds. This will allow for unlimited capacity for TRON’s main network. TRON's TPS has been improved to enable high throughput. It has now surpassed Ethereum and Bitcoin in daily use. Because of its scalability, smart contract effectiveness and high efficiency, TRON offers a wider range of applications. It can support large numbers of users. A better rewards distribution mechanism is available in exchange for a more reliable network structure, intrinsic value, user asset, and higher degree of decentralization consensus. Poloniex's decentralized trading platform, formerly known under TRON's largest trading platform TRXMarket and ranked for many years among the Top 5 in TRON’s DApp ecosystem in terms trading volume.

Shiden Network is a multichain decentralized application layer on Kusama Network. Kusama Relaychain doesn't support smart contract functionality by design. Kusama Network requires a smart contract layer. This is where Shiden Network steps in. Shiden supports Ethereum Virtual machine, WebAssembly and Layer2 solutions right from the beginning. The platform supports many applications such as NFTs, DeFi, and more. SDN token holders can place their tokens on their favorite dApps to earn SDN tokens for both the nominators as well as the dApps developers. There are two ways to build Solidity smart contracts. You can use Ethereum tools or Solang (a Solidity-to-WASM compiler). Once you have compiled your contract, it is ready to be deployed on Dusty Network's testnet.

Scroll was designed by and for Ethereum Developers. Scroll is a fast, reliable, and scalable Layer 2 Blockchain that extends Ethereum capabilities. This allows apps to scale without surprises. Existing Ethereum apps can be migrated to Scroll at a significant cost reduction thanks to bytecode compatibility. Our open-source development approach brings together the best ideas from contributors who share similar values, resulting in more secure and better designed systems. Scroll is a community-driven initiative that redefines and evolves Ethereum's roadmap. Scroll uses advanced EVM models that have been battle-tested, as well as rigorous audits, to ensure our foundation is rooted firmly in security and reliability. Scroll protects its developers and users from vulnerabilities by prioritizing code safety through open source collaboration.

Hedera is owned by some of the most respected organizations in the world. Hedera is the most widely used enterprise-grade network that allows you to create your digital world. HBAR, the native, energy-efficient cryptocurrency from Hedera that powers decentralized economies, is called Hedera's HBAR. Hedera is open to all, regardless of whether you are a startup, an enterprise, or a consumer. It goes beyond the blockchain for developers to create the next generation of fast, fair and secure applications. Bitcoin was the first to use decentralized infrastructure, and Ethereum introduced programmability. However, proof-of-work blockchains of the past consume huge amounts of energy and take a long time to process transactions in order achieve acceptable levels security. These technologies consume a lot of bandwidth and can charge high fees even for a simple transaction. The Hedera proof of-stake public network powered by hashgraph consensus achieves the highest level of security (ABFT).

The only Ethereum L2 that offers native yields for ETH and stablecoins. Blast's yield is derived from ETH staking protocols and RWA protocols. Blast users receive the yield from these decentralized protocols automatically. The default interest rate for other L2s are 0%. As contributors, our goal is to grow the economy on-chain with the highest-yielding L2. Members of the community who join us in our mission will be eligible to receive the Blast Airdrop. Blast was only made possible this year after Ethereum's Shanghai upgrade. The ETH yield generated by L1 stake, originally Lido, will be automatically transferred to the users through rebasing Ethereum on L2.

Celer Network is a layer-2 scale platform that provides fast, secure, and low-cost applications on Ethereum, Polkadot, and other blockchains for mass adoption. Celer created the first generalized state channel network in the world and continues to push the boundaries of layer2 scaling using advanced Rollup technology. Core applications and middlewares such as cBridge, Layer2.finance, and many more ecosystem applications built on Celer, have attracted larger audiences in DeFi and blockchain interoperability. Layer2.finance addresses the two biggest obstacles to DeFi's mass adoption: the extremely high transaction fees and the difficulty of using and navigating the platform. cBridge, a multi-chain network, allows instant, low-cost, ANY-to-ANY value transfers between and within Ethereum's layer-2 chains. This includes Ethereum main chain, as well as other layer-1s and layer-2s.

65% of the Value of Blockchain Tokens are not accessible to decentralized applications. This is changing now. Flare: The first Turing complete FBA network. It is scalable and does not depend on native tokens for safety. There is no risk of safety being compromised by other native token uses. Integrates Ethereum Virtual Machine. Easy integration of existing projects thanks to a large pool of developers. Transaction costs are low. Applications can scale without incurring costly fees. Flare (FLR), Flare's native token. Collateral to allow the trustless issuance assets from non-Turing full chains. Start with XRP and XLM, Litecoin, Dogecoin, and Litecoin. Contributes to Flare's time series oracle. You will get a return on your investment in Flare's price function. Contributes to network governance. F-Assets - Bringing Turing complete smart contract to each integrated chain. Trustlessly originated in and settled back to every integrated network.

Merlin Chain will bring innovations and utilities to Layer2 with native Layer1 assets. Merlin Chain is an EVM compatible chain that offers low fees, high scalability and ensures rapid transaction processing. Merlin Chain supports popular Bitcoin protocol such as BRC20 and BRC420. It also supports Bitmap, Atomicals Pipe, Stamp, Bitmap, Atomicals and many more. This allows a larger user base to interact with Bitcoin Layer2. Merlin Chain has implemented ZK Rollup to increase efficiency and scale. Sequencer nodes are responsible for managing data transmission through decentralized Oracles. This ensures transparency and security. Merlin Chain is committed to community-driven native innovation on Layer2, and to delivering unique solutions for the Bitcoin network.

A Proof-ofStake chain that uses secure JavaScript smart contract to quickly build and deploy DeFi. Our pre-built smart contracts components and dapps will help you save time. They are secure, easy to use, and will help you get your project done quickly. Agoric provides a collection of reusable and composable components, all coded by members of the community just like you. You can build smart contracts using familiar tools in JavaScript. As you grow, you can be sure that your pool of skilled developers will not run out. Agoric makes it easier for builders to quickly secure contracts by eliminating complex security bugs.

Carbon is a cross-chain protocol which acts as a building block to DeFi. Anyone can bootstrap open financial markets on any blockchain, for any asset type, using the Carbon protocol. Carbon powers Demex, a popular and fully decentralized exchange that allows trading of a wide range of financial instruments. Interoperable between blockchains such as Ethereum, Cosmos and BSC. It also powers the PolyNetwork bridge, which allows for true cross-chain liquidity pools. Any DeFi innovation is supported with native support for crypto derivatives, Balancer style liquidity pools, AMMs and on-chain orders books. Cosmos-SDK custom-built and secured by a large network validators through Tendermint PoS to ensure trustless and secure transactions.

The Bitcoin Network has made RSK the most secure smart contract Blockchain. Bitcoin is the best DeFi opportunity. It is fully enabled on RSK - the most secure smart contract platform worldwide. Bitcoin users can now lend, borrow, trade, and earn interest on their Bitcoin. Financial decentralization is the future of finance. RSK is the best contract platform in the entire world. RSK's Contracts mission is to increase the value and functionality of the bitcoin Contracts ecosystem through smart contracts, near instant Contracts payment, and greater scalability. RSK Blockchain is connected with Bitcoin via Merged Contracts Mining, the two-way peg, also known as the bridge. RIF is built on top of RSK and aims to provide the foundations for a fully decentralized internet that can enable Decentralized Sharing Economys. It will empower and protect individuals' value through identity, payments and storage.

The Hoo Smart Chain Platform (HSC) is a unified platform that uses the Hoo Group's traffic, technical and ecosystem resources. It will gradually be open to the blockchain industry. It will make it easier to build decentralized applications and give you complete control over traffic, promotion, and other resources. Global developers will have access to a variety of innovative facilities and services through HSC. Hoo Smart Chain, the first product of the Hoo Organization, is a decentralized, energy-saving, high-efficiency public chain. It supports high-performance transactions and is compatible with smart contracts. The PoSA consensus mechanism is also adopted by the endogenous HOO token. HSC will continue to enhance the efficiency of Ethereum via sidechain and empower decentralized ecosystems