Alternatives to Prolog

NoSQL, a domain-specific programming language, is used to access, manage, and manipulate non-tabular database data.

XAML can be used as a declarative markup language. XAML is a declarative markup language that can be applied to the.NET Core programming system. It makes it easier to create a UI for a.NET Core application. You can create visible UI elements using the declarative XAML Markup. Then, you can separate the UI definition and the run-time logic using code-behind file that is joined to the markup via partial class definitions. XAML represents the instantiation objects in a set of backing types that are defined in assemblies. This is in contrast to other markup languages that are interpreted languages without a direct connection to a backing types system. XAML allows for a workflow that allows two parties to work together on the UI and logic of an app using different tools. XAML files can be represented as text and have the.xaml extension. You can encode the files using any XML encoding but UTF-8 is most common.

The computer language was designed to program embedded and real-time applications. It is now available for development on Windows, DOS, as well as Unix variants that include macOS. Cross-compilers for Forth, which are commercially available, produce highly optimized code that runs on a variety microprocessors. They also prove themselves to be very adept in custom-hardware environments. Forth is a high level programming language. However, most versions include an assembly language. Software tools are often included in fourth-system providers to allow application code to make the most of system resources. Forth is interactive. It allows you to develop modular, well-tested code in a shorter time frame. It can also lead to very concise code. Programmers aren't used to languages that are concise, direct, and (apparently) simple. Forth is known for its speed of development, lean code and outstanding performance.

QML is a declarative language which allows user interfaces to describe themselves in terms of their visual components, and how they interact with each other. It is a highly readable language, which allows components to be interconnected dynamically. Additionally, components can be reused and customized within a user-interface. Designers and developers can create fluid animated user interfaces using QtQuick. They also have the option to connect these interfaces with any back-end C++ libraries. QML is both a programming language and a specification of user interfaces. It allows designers and developers to create visually appealing, performant, and fluidly animated applications. QML is a declarative, JSON-like syntax that is highly readable and supports imperative JavaScript expressions with dynamic property bindings.

Assembly language is a low level computer programming language that can be used to control the hardware of a computer. It is composed of symbols and words that are specific instructions for the processor. Assembly language is used to optimize programs written using higher-level languages. It can be more efficient to access memory and other resources.

Tcl is a simple programming language. You can write Tcl programs in a matter of hours if you have ever programmed. This page will give you a brief overview of Tcl's main features. This page will give you a quick overview of the main features of Tcl. You should be able to write simple Tcl scripts by yourself. However, we recommend that your consult one or more Tcl books. Each Tcl command is composed of one or more words separated with spaces. This example shows four words: expr (20 +), 10, and 10. The name of a command is the first word, and the arguments are the words after it. Tcl commands are composed of words. However, different commands treat their arguments in a different way. The expr command treats all arguments as one arithmetic expression and returns the result as string. The expr command doesn't consider the division into words.

We provide the computational paradigm. The Wolfram Language gives you access to computing power at an unprecedented level. It does this by leveraging built-in computational intelligence that is based on a variety of algorithms and real-world information, which has been carefully accumulated over three decades. The Wolfram Language can scale for small and large programs, and it can be deployed on-premises or in the cloud. The Wolfram Language is based on clear principles and a unified symbolic framework. It is now the most productive programming language in the world and the first real computational communication language for humans or AI.

Silq, a high-level quantum computing programming language with a robust static type system developed at ETH Zurich, is a new high level programming language. Silq was first published at PLDI '20.

APL is an array-oriented programming language. It will change how you think about data and problems. It has a concise syntax that allows you to create shorter programs that allow you to think about the problem better than how to present it to a computer.

C# (also pronounced "See Sharp"), is a modern, object oriented and type-safe programming language. C# allows developers to create many types of secure, robust applications that run in.NET. C# is rooted in the C family languages and will be familiar to JavaScript, C++, Java and JavaScript programmers. This tour will give you an overview of the main components of C# 8 or earlier. C# is an object-oriented and component-oriented programming language. C# supports these concepts directly with language constructs. This makes C# an easy language to create and use software components. C# has been evolving over time to support new software design practices and workloads. C# is an object-oriented programming language. You can define types and their behavior.

Cedar is a policy language and evaluation tool developed by AWS for fine-grained application access control. It allows developers to define concise and clear authorization policies by decoupling application logic from access control. Cedar supports common authorizations models, such as role-based and attribute-based control. This allows for a more expressive and analyzable definition of policy. Its design is based on readability and performance. This ensures that policies are easy to understand and enforce. Cedar allows applications to make precise authorization decisions. This enhances security and maintainability. The policy structure has been designed to be indexable for quick retrieval, and to support real-time evaluation with a limited latency. It allows you to use analyzer tools that can optimize your policies and prove that your security model is as you believe it to be.

Welcome to the Dictionary of Programming Languages. This is a collection of computer coding methods that was created to help you understand computer science history. Douglas Hofstadter created BLooP, a simple recursive block-structured language for his book Godel Escher Bach. It has a simple subroutine structure, simple number and boolean handling and recursion. The most interesting thing about BLooP is that it only offered bounded loop constructs and was thus incapable of expressing general recursive computations.

FLooP was a simple recursive block-structured language that Douglas Hofstadter invented for his book Godel Escher Bach. It has a simple subroutine structure and very simple number- and boolean handling. FLooP supports unbounded loops, unlike its cousin BLooP. This allows it to have the full power of Turing machines, making it a good candidate for many undecidability theories. FLooP's syntax is quite complex but not difficult to understand. Although Hofstadter does not mention it in GEB FLooP is very similar to early exercises exploring the computational model for "Random Access Machines". You will notice the use of "CELL(0) = 2" and similar constructs. FLooP was never meant to be more than an academic exercise. However, Perl was able to implement FLooP. It is not easy to find. S - Block-structured language type.

Unlambda can be described as a programming language. There is nothing extraordinary there. Unlambda's uniqueness is its unexpected intersection of two marginal languages. Functional programming languages are a group that includes Scheme (a Lisp dialect). This means that the primary object that is manipulated by the language, and indeed the only one for Unlambda, is the function. Unlambda, on the other hand, uses a functional approach in programming. Functions are the only objects it can manipulate. Each function takes a function and returns it. Unlambda has many built-in functions, including a binary "apply", which returns a function. The most important are the K and S combinators. Unlambda doesn't have variables so user-definable functions can be created but not saved or named.

MATLAB®, a combination of a desktop environment for iterative analysis, design processes, and a programming language that expresses matrix or array mathematics directly, is MATLAB®. It also includes the Live Editor, which allows you to create scripts that combine output, code, and formatted text in an executable notebook. MATLAB toolboxes have been professionally developed, tested and documented. MATLAB apps allow you to see how different algorithms interact with your data. You can repeat the process until you get the results you desire. Then, MATLAB will automatically generate a program to replicate or automate your work. With minor code changes, you can scale your analyses to run on GPUs, clusters, and clouds. You don't need to rewrite any code or learn big-data programming and other out-of-memory methods. Convert MATLAB algorithms automatically to C/C++ and HDL to run on your embedded processor/FPGA/ASIC. Simulink works with MATLAB to support Model-Based Design.

Scheme is a general-purpose programming language for computers. It is a high level language that supports operations on structured data like strings, lists, vectors, and numbers, as well as operations with more traditional data like numbers and characters. Although Scheme is often associated with symbolic applications, it has a rich set of data types that can be used to create complex control structures and a wide range of other data types. Scheme can be used to create text editors, optimize compilers and graphics packages, expert system, numerical applications, financial analysis programs, virtual reality systems, as well as operating systems, graphics, expert systems, operating systems, graphics, expert systems, operating systems, graphic packages, optimization systems, programming languages, and other types of applications. Because it is based only on a few syntactic forms, semantic concepts, and because most implementations are interactive, Scheme is easy to learn. It is difficult to fully understand Scheme.

Small Basic is the only programming language that was specifically designed to assist students in moving from block-based coding into text-based. Small Basic teaches the basics of syntax-based languages in a friendly way, giving students the confidence and skills to tackle more complex programming languages like Java and C#. Small Basic can be used to create applications for Kinect and other devices such as the Lego Mindstorm, Raspberry Pi or Arduino, Oculus Rift and many more. Small Basic offers a friendly environment, a simple language, and rich and engaging libraries to make your games and programs pop! You can create your own game in just a few lines. You can share your programs with friends. They can import your published programs to run them on their own computers. You can post your games to your own websites or blogs and then play them in the browser using the Silverlight player.

ZenScript was created from MineTweaker, where a simple language was needed to allow users to execute simple commands without any programming knowledge by following the tutorials. MineTweaker originally had a one-line scripting system that was parsed, but it became apparent that it wasn't flexible. A simple parsed language, therefore, was created. This parsed language was quite efficient but inefficient because each value was wrapped up into its own object. ZenScript supports mixed typed and non-typed behavior. The compile will infer types where possible, and exhibit typeless behaviour when the type is effectively unknowable. In almost all cases, the type can be determined and the execution is performed at native Java speed. Types can be enforced and documented since they exist.

Extensible markup language (XML), a very simple and flexible text format, is derived from SGML. (ISO 8879). Originally created to address the challenges of large-scale electronic publication, XML plays an increasingly important role in the sharing of a wide range of data on the Web.

Julia was designed from the very beginning to be highly performant. Julia programs can be compiled to native code that is efficient for multiple platforms using LLVM. Multiple dispatch is a paradigm that Julia uses, allowing it to easily express many object-oriented or functional programming patterns. This talk explains why multiple dispatch works so well. Julia is dynamically written, feels like a scripting languages, and supports interactive use. Julia offers asynchronous I/O and metaprogramming. It also supports profiling, profiling, logging, debugging, profiling, and more. Julia allows you to build complete applications and microservices. Julia is an open-source project that has over 1,000 contributors. It is available under the MIT License.

SQL is a domain-specific programming language that allows you to access, manage, and manipulate relational databases and relational management systems.

Scala combines object-oriented programming with functional programming in a single, concise language. Scala's static type system helps avoid bugs in complex applications. Its JavaScript and JVM runtimes allow you to build high-performance systems and have easy access to large libraries. Scala is intelligent about static types. You don't usually need to tell Scala what the types of your variables are. Instead, it will use its powerful type inference to figure them out. Scala uses case classes to represent structural data types. They implicitly equip the class using meaningful toString, equals, and hashCode methods. They also have the ability to be deconstructed using pattern matching. Scala functions are values. They can be described as anonymous functions using a concise syntax.

C, a programming language that was created in 1972, is still very popular and widely used today. C is a general-purpose imperative and procedural language. The C language is used to create a variety of software and applications. This includes operating systems, code compilers, databases, and many more.

The Ring is a multi-paradigm, general-purpose language. The supported programming paradigms include imperative, procedural and object-oriented programming. The language can be used on Windows, Linux, macOS and Android. It can be used to create Consoles, GUIs, Web, Games, and Mobile apps. The language is simple, small, and flexible. The language is simple and aims to be natural and encourage organization. It also has transparent and visual implementation. It has a compact syntax and a number of features that allow the programmer create natural interfaces as well as declarative domain-specific language languages in a fraction time. It is small and flexible, and has a smart garbage collector that allows the programmer to control the memory. It supports many programming paradigms and comes with useful and practical libraries.

C++ is a simple language with clear expressions. ...), but once one knows the meaning of such characters it can be even more schematic and clear than other languages that rely more on English words. C++'s simplified input/output interface and incorporation of the standard library of templates make data manipulation and communication much easier than in C. It is a programming model in which each component is treated as an object. This replaces or complements the structured programming paradigm that focuses on procedures and parameters.

Cython, an optimizing static compiler, is available for both the Python programming languages and the extended Cython programming languages (based on Pyrex). It makes it as easy to write Python extensions using C. Cython combines the power of Python with C, allowing you to write Python code that calls back to C or C++ natively at any time. Static type declarations can be used to convert readable Python code into plain C performance. Combine source code level debugging to identify bugs in Python, Cython and C code. Large data sets can be interacted with efficiently, e.g. Multi-dimensional NumPy arrays. You can quickly build your applications in the mature, well-used CPython ecosystem. The Cython language, which is a superset Python language, supports calling C functions as well as declaring C types on variables or class attributes.

Component Pascal is a general purpose language in the tradition Oberon, Modula-2 and Pascal. It has the following key features: block structure, modularity and static typing with strong type-checking (also across module boundaries), type extension using methods, dynamic loading modules and garbage collection. Component Pascal is an object-oriented language because it supports type extension. An object is a variable in an abstract data type that contains private data (its state), and the procedures that operate on it. Extensible records are used to declare abstract data types. Component Pascal covers the majority of terms in object-oriented languages using the established vocabulary for imperative languages to reduce the number of notions related concepts. Component Pascal is a component-oriented language. It has complete type safety and requires a dynamic object model.

Clojure is a robust and practical programming language that is fast and easy to use. It also has a number of useful features that make it a powerful, simple, and coherent tool. Clojure is a dynamic programming language that can be used for general purposes. It combines the simplicity and interactivity of a scripting language and an efficient and robust infrastructure to support multithreaded programming. Clojure can be compiled, but it is completely dynamic. All features supported by Clojure are supported at runtime. Clojure has easy access to Java frameworks. It also supports type hints, type inference, and optional type hints. This allows Java calls to avoid reflection. Clojure is a dialect Lisp and shares the code-as data philosophy and powerful macro system. Clojure is a functional programming language that features a rich array of persistent, immutable data structures. Clojure provides a software transactional memory and reactive agent system for mutable states.

IronPython, an open-source implementation for the Python programming language, is tightly integrated with.NET. IronPython is compatible with.NET and Python libraries. Other.NET languages can also use Python code. With Python Tools for Visual Studio, you can have a more interactive.NET/Python development experience. IronPython, a great addition to.NET that gives Python developers the power of.NET, is a great addition to.NET. IronPython is also available to existing.NET developers. It can be used as a fast, expressive scripting language for writing, testing, and embedding new applications. The CLR is an excellent platform for creating programming languages. The DLR makes it even better for dynamic languages. The.NET (base library, presentation foundation, and so on) is a great tool for developers. Developers have access to a lot of functionality and power through the.NET (base class library, presentation foundation, etc.) IronPython uses Python syntax, standard libraries, and your Python code will need updating accordingly.

The Java™, Programming Language is a general purpose, concurrent, strongly typed and class-based object-oriented programming language. It is usually compiled according to the Java Virtual Machine Specification's bytecode instruction set. All source code in the Java programming language is first written in plain text files that end with the.java extension. The javac compiler compiles these source files into.class files. A.class file doesn't contain native code for your processor. Instead, it contains bytecodes (the machine language of the Java Virtual Machine1 [Java VM]). The java launcher tool will then run your application with an instance Java Virtual Machine.

Nix is a tool which takes a unique approach in package management and system configuration. Learn how to create reliable, reproducible, declarative systems. Nix creates packages isolated from each other. This makes them reproducible and doesn't have undeclared dependency. So if a package is working on one machine, it will also on the other. Nix makes it easy to share development and build environments with your projects regardless of the programming languages or tools you use. Nix makes sure that other packages are not broken by installing or upgrading one package. It allows you to rollback to previous versions and ensures no package is in an unaligned state during an update. Nix is a functional package manager. It treats packages as values in pure functional programming languages like Haskell. Packages are built using functions that have no side effects and never change after they are built.

GameMaker's proprietary scripting language, the GameMaker Language (or simply GML), is the GameMaker GameMaker Language. This language is designed to allow users to create games in an intuitive and flexible manner, while still offering all the power of major programming languages. It can also be used with GML Visual if necessary. Each event has its own tab within the editor. You can edit, delete, or add code to them at any moment (for more information about events, see Object Events). The code must have a basic structure. It can contain resource indices and variables, functions, expressions or keywords. All of these are explained in the sections below. It is recommended that beginners to programming or those who are making the transition from GML Visual start with the page on basic structure. Next, read through the pages in this section and then test your code within GameMaker.

Erlang is a programming language that allows you to create highly scalable soft real time systems. It also requires high availability. It is used in e-commerce and instant messaging, banking, telephony, and telecoms. Erlang's runtime system supports concurrency distribution and fault tolerance. OTP is a set of Erlang libraries, design principles, and middleware that allows you to develop these systems. It also includes a distributed database, applications that can interface with other languages, and debugging, as well as release handling tools.

Apache Groovy, a powerful, optionally-typed, dynamic language for Java, with static-typing capabilities and static compilation capabilities. It is designed to improve developer productivity through a simple, easy to understand syntax. It seamlessly integrates with any Java program and delivers powerful features to your application, including scripting capabilities and Domain-Specific Language authoring, runtime, compile-time metaprogramming and functional programming. It is easy to understand for Java developers thanks to its concise, readable, and expressive syntax. Closures, builders and runtime & compiler-time meta-programming. Functional programming, type inference and static compilation. Advanced integration & customization mechanisms, flexible syntax, and customizable syntax allow you to integrate readable business requirements into your applications. This is a great tool for writing concise, manageable tests and automating all your build and automation tasks.

BASIC (Beginners' All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) is a group of high-level, general-purpose programming languages that are designed to be easy to use. BASIC was initially designed to support simple mathematical operations. Matrix arithmetic was supported from its first implementation as a batch-language, and character strings were added in 1965. BASIC was born out of a larger movement towards time-sharing. Some dialects of BASIC support matrices and matrix-based operations that can be used to solve a set of simultaneous linear algebraic problems. These dialects directly supported matrix operations like assignment, addition, multiplicand (of compatible matrix types) and evaluation of a determinate. In the 1990s, BASIC's popularity declined as more powerful computers were introduced and advanced programming languages (such as Pascal or C) were made available.

The new generation Pascal programming language combines classic Pascal's simplicity with many modern extensions and the wide-ranging capabilities of Microsoft.NET Framework. IDE that is free, simple, and powerful. Built-in form designer allows for rapid development Windows desktop applications. Get the latest version PascalABC.NET with a built-in form designer. There are many extensions to the Pascal language: the foreach operator and in-block variable definitions. Auto type deduction in variable declarations. Simplified syntax of units. A new operator for object construction. Anonymous classes, auto-classes. BigIntegers. Modern programming language features include n-dimensional dynamic arrays and generics, interfaces. Operator overloading, exceptions. garbage collection, and lambda statements. IDE that integrates debugger, IntelliSense, code templates, auto-formatting, and code templates.

You may be wondering why Ruby is so popular. It is a beautiful and artistic language, according to its fans. They also say it's practical and useful. Ruby has attracted devoted coders around the world since its 1995 release. Ruby was widely accepted in 2006. Active user groups were formed in major cities around the globe and Ruby-related conferences were full to capacity. Ruby-Talk, the main mailing list for discussion about the Ruby language, saw an average of 200 messages per daily in 2006. As the community has grown, the number of messages per day on Ruby-Talk has fallen. Ruby ranks among the top 10 in most indices that measure popularity and growth of programming languages around the world (such as TIOBE index). The popularity of Ruby on Rails, especially the Ruby on Rails web framework, is responsible for a large part of this growth.

JavaScript is a web scripting language and programming language that allows developers to create dynamic elements on the internet. Client-side JavaScript is used by over 97% of all websites. JavaScript is the most popular scripting language on the internet.

Each expression in Haskell is assigned a type at compile time. All types that are combined by function application must match. The compiler will reject the program if they don't match up. Types are not only a guarantee, but also a language to express the construction of programs. Haskell functions are mathematical functions (i.e. "pure") in every instance. Even side-effecting IO operation are just a description of what to accomplish, and are produced by pure code. There are no instructions or statements, only expressions that can't mutate variables (local and global) or access state such as time or random numbers. You don't need to write every type in Haskell programs. Types can be inferred by unifying each type bidirectionally. You can however write out types or ask the compiler for them to be written for you.

LabVIEW provides a graphical programming method that allows you to visualize every aspect of your application including hardware configuration, measurement data and debugging. This visualization allows you to easily integrate measurement hardware from any vendor. It also allows you to represent complex logic on a diagram, create data analysis algorithms, or design custom engineering user interfaces. LabVIEW and the NI DAQ hardware allow you to create a custom measurement solution that can visualize and analyze real-world signals and make data-driven decisions. LabVIEW, NI and third-party hardware can be used to automate product validation in order to meet difficult time-to-market or performance requirements. LabVIEW allows you to create flexible test applications that control multiple instrument and design user interfaces to maximize your manufacturing test throughput. LabVIEW makes it easier to create industrial equipment and smart devices faster.

Odin is a general purpose programming language that supports data-oriented programming and modern systems. Odin is the C alternative to the Joy of Programming. Odin was designed to be easy to read, scalable, and orthogonal. Simple is easier to do right than complicated, but clear is better than clever. Odin provides the best performance by providing low-level control over memory layout, memory management, custom allocators, and many other features. Odin was built from the ground up to be compatible with modern computers. It also supports array programming and SOA data types. Programming is a passion that we love solving problems. Programming should bring us joy, so why shouldn't it? Programming with Odin is fun again!

Fortran was designed from the ground up to support computationally intensive applications in engineering and science. You can write code that runs fast and close to the metal with mature and battle-tested libraries and compilers. Fortran is statically and heavily typed. This allows the compiler to catch programming errors early. This allows the compiler generate efficient binary code. Fortran is a small language that is easy to learn and use. It is easy to express most mathematical and arithmetic operations on large arrays by simply writing them out on a whiteboard. Fortran is a natively parallel programming languages that uses intuitive array-like syntax to exchange data between CPUs. It is possible to run almost identical code on one CPU, on a shared memory multicore system or on a distributed-memory HPC system or cloud-based system.

Swift code is interactive and fun to write. The syntax is concise and expressive, and Swift has modern features developers love. Swift code is safe and produces software that runs lightning fast. Swift is the result years of experience building Apple platforms and the most recent research on programming languages. Swift's APIs are easy to understand and maintain because the names of parameters are written in a simple syntax. You don't even have to use semi-colons. Modules eliminate headers and provide namespaces, while inferred types make code more readable and less likely to be misinterpreted. Strings support international languages and emoji best. They are Unicode-correct and use UTF-8-based encoding to maximize performance for a wide range of use cases. Concurrent code can be written with simple keywords that define asynchronous behavior. This makes your code easier to read and less likely to make errors.

Pine Script® is TradingView’s programming language. It allows traders to build their own trading tools, and run them on TradingView's servers. Pine Script®, a lightweight but powerful language, is designed to allow you to create indicators and strategies for backtesting. Pine Script® is used to create most of TradingView's indicators. Our thriving community has created more than 100,000 scripts. Our goal is to make Pine Script®, as accessible and understandable as possible for the widest audience. Pine Script®, being cloud-based, is different from client-side languages. Pine Script®, while not a full-fledged programming language, is constantly improved and we are always open to new feature requests. We must set limits because each script uses computing resources in the cloud.

Emojicode is an open source, full-blown programming language that uses emojis. Emojicode is a multi-paradigm programming language that supports object orientation, generics and closures. Emojicode compiles native machine codes using many optimizations that speed up your code. Emojicode comes pre-installed with many default packages. You can also create your own Emojicode packages. Emojis are expressive. Let's use this to make programming more enjoyable and accessible. Emojicode is easy to learn, regardless of your background. Our documentation is well-known for being excellent and filled with examples and walk-through guides. You can help Emojicode grow! You are invited to contribute to Emojicode's development on GitHub. Make sure Emojicode is installed before you try to install it. For example, clang++ or even g++ are fine. Emojicode compiler cannot link binaries unless such a compiler exists.

It is dynamic, while offering a programming model that supports efficient machine code generation. This includes fine-grained control of dynamic and static behaviors. This document describes the Open Dylan implementation, including a core set Dylan libraries and a library interchange mechanism. The core libraries include many language extensions, a threads interface and object finalization and printing and output formatting module. There are also modules that provide an interface to operating system features like the file system, time, date information, and foreign function interfaces.

OCaml is a general purpose, industrial-strength language for programming. It focuses on safety and expressiveness. OCaml's powerful types system allows for more bugs to be caught at compile time. This makes it easier to maintain large, complex codebases. This makes it a great language for running critical code. The type system is unobtrusive thanks to sophisticated inference, which creates a pleasant developer experience. The bytecode compiler generates small executables that are portable and very fast. The second is a native compiler that produces machine code more efficiently and performs to the same level as modern compilers. OCaml supports the most popular editors. VS Code is recommended to beginners. Emacs and Vim are integrated with VS Code for advanced users. OCaml is a vibrant community with best-in-class tools.

Eclipse Ceylon is a language that allows you to write large programs in teams. Before you start the tour, take a 15-minute introduction to Eclipse Ceylon. It is best to download the IDE to get started and then write some code. You can then explore the modules in Ceylon Herd. You can also do it online. This is a community project. All of our work is open source. Eclipse Ceylon's powerful flow sensitive static type system is able to catch many bugs and allow you to express more easily: union and intersect types, tuples function types, mixin inheritance and reified generics. We spend more time reading code from others than we do writing our own. Eclipse Ceylon places a high value on readability. It supports treelike structures and elegant syntax sugar when appropriate.

R is a language and environment that allows for statistical computing and graphics. It is a GNU project that is very similar to the S language environment and environment, which were developed at Bell Laboratories (formerly AT&T now Lucent Technologies) in John Chambers and his colleagues. R can be seen as a different implementation to S. However, most code written for S runs without modification under R. R offers a wide range of statistical (linear, nonlinear modelling and classical statistical tests, time series analysis, classification, clustering and graphic techniques and is extensible. Research in statistical methodology is often done using the S language. R offers an Open Source way to participate in this activity. R's strength is its ability to produce well-designed publications-quality plots, including formulae and mathematical symbols.

Definitive functions are the heart of extensible programming. Python supports keyword arguments, mandatory and optional arguments, as well as arbitrary argument lists. It doesn't matter if you are a beginner or an expert programmer, Python is easy to learn. Python is easy to learn, whether you are a beginner or an expert in other languages. These pages can be a helpful starting point to learn Python programming. The community hosts meetups and conferences to share code and much more. The documentation for Python will be helpful and the mailing lists will keep in touch. The Python Package Index (PyPI), hosts thousands of third-party Python modules. Both Python's standard library and the community-contributed modules allow for endless possibilities.