Business Software for Gmail

  • 1
    KiloClaw Reviews

    KiloClaw

    Kilo Code

    $4 per month
    KiloClaw offers a comprehensive cloud-hosted solution for the open source AI agent OpenClaw, enabling users to easily deploy and operate a robust autonomous AI assistant without the complexities of infrastructure management, setup, or ongoing maintenance. With a streamlined one-click deployment process, individuals can have a functional AI agent up and running in less than a minute, removing barriers like Docker, server management, SSH configuration, or any manual environment preparations. Operating on Kilo’s advanced infrastructure, it connects seamlessly to over 500 AI models through the Kilo Gateway, giving users the flexibility to switch models or integrate their own API keys while ensuring a consistent billing and management experience. KiloClaw agents excel in executing real-world tasks beyond mere text generation, such as browsing the internet, executing commands, organizing files, scheduling activities, and engaging across various chat platforms like Telegram, Discord, and Slack. This capability makes it a versatile tool for both personal and professional use, providing a significant efficiency boost in task management.
  • 2
    Raccoon AI Reviews

    Raccoon AI

    Raccoon AI

    $9.50 per month
    Raccoon AI serves as a versatile collaborative AI agent and execution platform that transforms a singular prompt into tangible, real-world results by integrating reasoning, automation, and tools within a unified environment. Unlike traditional chat-based AI, it functions as a comprehensive workspace where the agent is capable of browsing the internet, performing data analysis, writing code, creating content, and generating deliverables like presentations, reports, videos, and web applications. Acting as an independent "computer-use" assistant, it can execute multi-step tasks from start to finish, utilizing its own browser, terminal, and file system, while also allowing users to oversee, direct, and enhance each phase of the operation. Moreover, Raccoon AI accommodates integration with various external tools and data sources, including documents, spreadsheets, and platforms like Google Workspace, which allows it to seamlessly navigate existing workflows and merge tasks that would typically necessitate the use of multiple applications. This capability enhances productivity by streamlining processes and enabling users to focus on higher-level decision-making rather than getting bogged down by repetitive tasks.
  • 3
    BasicOps Reviews

    BasicOps

    BasicOps

    $10 per month
    BasicOps serves as a comprehensive platform for team collaboration and project management, aiming to consolidate communication, tasks, and workflows within a unified workspace. By integrating features like chat, channels, task management, documentation, and file sharing, it enables teams to operate seamlessly without the need to toggle between various applications, thereby minimizing distractions and repetitive efforts. Conversations are linked directly to relevant tasks, files, and projects, empowering users to comment, collaborate, and monitor progress in context rather than through disjointed platforms. Teams have the flexibility to initiate projects using customizable templates, create prioritized task lists complete with subtasks and dependencies, and assign roles while ensuring clear visibility of deadlines and timelines. Additionally, it offers real-time feeds and notifications to keep users informed about ongoing activities, mentions, and modifications to tasks, which promotes cohesive teamwork and enhances overall project alignment. This interconnected approach not only streamlines workflows but also fosters a more productive and engaged team environment.
  • 4
    Rolens App Reviews

    Rolens App

    Rolens App

    $0/month
    Rolens is an innovative platform that utilizes AI to facilitate online appointment scheduling and management for service-oriented businesses, including beauty salons, clinics, wellness centers, and various other appointment-based enterprises. This comprehensive system allows companies to efficiently oversee appointments, staff schedules, service offerings, working hours, breaks, and personalized booking guidelines from a single, user-friendly dashboard. Customers benefit from the convenience of booking online instantly without the need for account creation, and automated notifications and reminders significantly decrease the likelihood of missed appointments. Rolens also features real-time availability checks to eliminate the possibility of double bookings, along with adaptable scheduling options and an AI assistant that can assist in creating, rescheduling, or canceling appointments in accordance with established business protocols. Designed to enhance operational efficiency, improve client satisfaction, and save valuable time for teams dependent on effective scheduling, Rolens emerges as a vital tool for appointment-driven businesses aiming to thrive in a competitive market. By streamlining these processes, it empowers businesses to focus more on delivering quality services to their clients.
  • 5
    ContractorHUB Reviews

    ContractorHUB

    ContractorHUB

    $649 per month
    ContractorHUB is a business management platform that leverages AI to support home service contractors by integrating various operational aspects, data, and performance into one cohesive system. This platform seamlessly connects with over 40 existing applications, such as CRM, financial management, marketing, and job tracking tools, enabling users to streamline their processes without the need to overhaul their current software ecosystem. Users have access to a comprehensive dashboard that displays real-time insights on financial health, marketing effectiveness, employee performance, and key operational indicators, facilitating quicker and more strategic decision-making. The platform features employee performance monitoring with specific goals and constructive feedback, financial reports that align with accounting software, and marketing analytics that evaluate lead origins, conversion rates, and ROI. Additionally, ContractorHUB includes functionalities like a weather assistant to enhance scheduling efficiency, management of insurance policies, and automation features that help optimize operational workflows, ensuring that contractors can focus on delivering quality service. This all-in-one solution empowers contractors to maximize their resources and improve overall business productivity.
  • 6
    Stash Reviews

    Stash

    Stash

    $20 per month
    Stash is a productivity platform enhanced by AI that serves as a comprehensive workspace where individuals can effortlessly keep notes, documents, links, and various types of data, all while AI agents consistently organize, evaluate, and act upon this information. Acting as an "AI operating system," it streamlines fragmented workflows by enabling users to articulate tasks in everyday language, which are then carried out across different files, tools, and integrations. The platform can swiftly produce polished presentations, reports, and documents from simple notes or prompts, condensing what would typically be lengthy processes into mere minutes. Additionally, it allows for bulk file operations, empowering users to edit, rename, or reorganize many documents at once, while also offering capabilities like spreadsheet analysis, chart generation, and insight extraction without the need for complex formulas. Stash seamlessly integrates with various applications, including Gmail, Google Drive, Notion, and Slack, which facilitates drafting emails, updating files, and coordinating communication. This comprehensive functionality not only boosts productivity but also enhances collaboration among team members, making it a powerful tool for both personal and professional use.
  • 7
    Aqtos BOSS* Reviews

    Aqtos BOSS*

    Aqtos

    $199 per month
    Aqtos serves as a comprehensive business operating system aimed at centralizing and enhancing the efficiency of company operations by integrating numerous disparate tools into a singular, cohesive platform that oversees projects, clients, finances, and team workflows in real time. By unifying essential business functions such as customer relationship management, project oversight, task monitoring, human resources, communication, invoicing, and expense management, it addresses the challenges posed by the data fragmentation and inefficiencies that arise from juggling various applications like Slack, Asana, and QuickBooks. The system is organized into modular components that include WORK for managing tasks and projects, PEOPLE for handling CRM and HR functions, MONEY for overseeing financial activities, OFFICE for facilitating collaboration, and TECH for enabling monitoring and integrations, thus providing teams with the flexibility to customize the platform to meet their specific requirements. Additionally, Aqtos incorporates advanced AI-driven features designed to boost productivity, automate routine workflows, and extract valuable insights from business data, empowering teams to better prioritize their tasks and make informed, data-centric decisions. This innovative approach not only simplifies operations but also enhances overall organizational performance, making Aqtos an essential tool for modern businesses.
  • 8
    Fonic Reviews
    Fonic is an innovative reporting platform powered by AI, crafted to convert diverse inputs like notes, transcripts, spreadsheets, and screenshots into organized, interactive, and actionable reports within moments. Users can seamlessly integrate their tools or directly paste raw data, allowing the platform to automatically create a refined report that can be easily shared via a simple link. The platform aims to streamline the often tedious task of gathering and formatting information for stakeholders, changing a process that typically consumes hours into a more efficient workflow of input, review, and approval. With Fonic, reports can be fully tailored, as users have the ability to specify structure, tone, branding, charts, images, and interactive components just by articulating their preferences. The platform also includes functionalities like action buttons, sign-off requests, comments, and embedded content, which enable recipients to engage directly within the report rather than depending on separate communication methods. This capability fosters collaboration and enhances the overall efficiency of report distribution and feedback.
  • 9
    Happenstance Reviews

    Happenstance

    Happenstance

    $24 per month
    Happenstance is an innovative platform that utilizes artificial intelligence to enhance people search and relationship intelligence, enabling users to find the right individuals within their networks by simply describing their search in everyday language. By integrating fragmented connections from various sources like email, LinkedIn, Twitter, and team collaborations into a cohesive, searchable database, users can perform detailed searches, such as “a fintech project manager in New York City,” and receive immediate results that highlight the most relevant candidates based on their intent, relationship strength, and context. The platform leverages advanced language models and embedding search technology to comprehend user queries and intelligently rank the findings, thus obviating the need for tedious manual filtering or complex search techniques while providing clear, organized outputs that illustrate how each connection is related. Additionally, it empowers users to broaden their networking potential by merging connections with reliable friends or colleagues, enabling them to uncover warm introductions, overlooked connections, and valuable opportunities that might otherwise go unnoticed. This capability not only enhances professional networking but also fosters collaboration and support within existing relationships, ultimately leading to more successful outcomes.
  • 10
    Lighthouse Reviews
    Lighthouse serves as a comprehensive AI-driven platform designed specifically for venture capital investors, seamlessly integrating sourcing and CRM functionalities into one unified workspace. By automating the processes of sourcing, evaluating, and monitoring, it identifies startups and founders that align with your investment thesis, enabling you to oversee the entire deal flow from start to finish with features like an integrated CRM, collaborative timelines, notes, tasks, and various pipeline stages. With a deep institutional understanding of your data, Lighthouse provides real-time insights and tailored recommendations, empowering your team to operate more efficiently, maintain cohesion, and make informed investment choices. Additionally, this innovative platform enhances collaboration among team members, ensuring that everyone is on the same page throughout the investment process.
  • 11
    Sinceerly Reviews

    Sinceerly

    Sinceerly

    $4.99 per month
    Sinceerly is a streamlined AI-driven tool aimed at humanizing the often sterile and structured nature of AI-generated text, specifically designed to make emails sound more casual, flawed, and genuinely human. Unlike conventional writing assistants, it seamlessly integrates into Gmail as a Chrome extension, enabling users to compose their emails in a standard format before transforming them with just one click. The tool emphasizes the elimination of typical indicators of AI writing, such as em dashes and clichéd phrases like “not just…,” substituting them with more straightforward language, abbreviations, and deliberate imperfections. It offers an innovative feature with a single slider that has three levels of intensity, each one progressively modifying tone, structure, and formatting to reflect authentic communication styles. Users have the ability to preview all modifications through highlighted alterations and can choose which edits to implement, ensuring they retain control over the final output. This unique approach allows for a refreshing change in email correspondence that feels more relatable and personal.
  • 12
    Orange Slice Reviews

    Orange Slice

    Orange Slice

    $20 per month
    Orange Slice is an innovative platform powered by AI that streamlines go-to-market (GTM) workflows, assisting sales teams in identifying, qualifying, and engaging with high-intent customers by transforming disjointed data into automated and actionable pipelines. This tool operates like a customizable “sales spreadsheet,” allowing users to articulate their ideal customer profile or workflow using straightforward language, after which it automatically constructs organized columns, enrichment rules, and execution tasks across numerous records. In contrast to conventional tools that depend on unchanging lists, Orange Slice leverages AI agents along with a tailored web scraping system to consistently monitor various sources, including company websites, job listings, news articles, and social media, to detect indicators that a prospect is currently in the market. The system aggregates and ranks these indicators to prioritize leads effectively, enabling teams to concentrate their outreach on accounts that are most likely to convert, rather than relying on broad, generic lists. By doing so, sales teams are empowered to improve their efficiency and effectiveness in closing deals.
  • 13
    RecruitRocket Reviews

    RecruitRocket

    RemoteCrafters

    $1.99
    RecruitRocket is an innovative recruitment solution aimed at enhancing and streamlining the hiring process for organizations of all sizes. This platform equips recruiters with essential tools at every phase, from crafting and disseminating job postings to overseeing candidates and finalizing hiring choices. It features customizable job advertisements, candidate tracking systems, and structured workflows that help maintain organization and efficiency within teams. Additionally, it includes integrated communication features like email templates, automated notifications, and calling options to ensure that applicants receive consistent updates. An intuitive meeting calendar facilitates the scheduling of interviews, while detailed candidate profiles with skill assessments aid in the evaluation process. Designed with a scalable, multitenant architecture, RecruitRocket meets diverse business requirements, fostering improved team collaboration, decreasing time-to-hire, and providing a seamless, professional experience for both recruiters and candidates. Ultimately, RecruitRocket not only simplifies recruitment but also enhances the overall quality of the hiring journey.
  • 14
    Demi Reviews

    Demi

    Demi

    $38 per month
    Demi serves as a comprehensive AI assistant designed for professionals who engage directly with clients, efficiently managing tasks such as sorting emails, drafting automatic replies, transcribing meetings, updating CRM systems, and taking care of various administrative duties that can hinder sales efforts. It seamlessly integrates with popular email platforms like Gmail and Outlook, requiring no setup time, which allows users to incorporate Demi into their daily routines with just a few simple clicks. By categorizing conversations based on deal stage and priority, Demi ensures that users are always aware of what requires immediate attention and what can be postponed. Furthermore, it generates thoughtful responses and follow-up messages in the user's unique voice, enabling quick reviews before sending. Scheduling is also streamlined, with Demi automatically accessing your availability, generating invitations, and securing meetings with a single click, eliminating the tedious back-and-forth communication. Additionally, meeting transcriptions can be transformed into easy-to-review follow-up notes, making the preparation of next steps effortless and efficient, thereby enhancing productivity in client interactions. Overall, Demi not only saves time but also enhances the quality of client communications.
  • 15
    aura Reviews

    aura

    aura

    $18/month
    Aura serves as a comprehensive workspace for teams whose tasks are dispersed across multiple platforms. It integrates seamlessly with applications such as Gmail, Outlook, Microsoft 365, Google Workspace, Teams, Notion, Jira, calendars, documents, and web content, enabling users to pose questions in one chat, while Aura efficiently retrieves the necessary information from the linked sources, eliminating the need to toggle between various applications. Once the relevant context is established, Aura assists in advancing the workflow by drafting emails, creating Jira tickets, sending updates on Teams, preparing summaries, scheduling calls, setting reminders, and ensuring that the work remains connected to the original context. The fundamental principle is straightforward: identify what is significant, grasp any changes that have occurred, and utilize agents to progress the tasks from the same discussion thread. Designed for accountability and source-verified work, Aura ensures that responses remain linked to their respective sources, user permissions are confined to their connected applications, and all actions can be reviewed prior to execution. This approach not only enhances productivity but also fosters a collaborative environment where team members can trust the information and actions being shared.
  • 16
    KeyText Reviews

    KeyText

    KeyText

    $4.99/user/month
    KeyText is an AI-powered text expander and browser productivity tool that helps users automate writing, messaging, and communication workflows across web applications. Operating as a browser-native Chrome extension, KeyText enables users to trigger reusable snippets, templates, and AI-generated responses using slash commands such as /intro, /invite, or custom-defined shortcuts directly inside Gmail, LinkedIn, Slack, Outlook, Notion, HubSpot, and virtually any web-based text field. The platform combines smart text expansion with built-in AI writing capabilities, allowing users to generate new snippets, rewrite existing text, translate messages, modify tone, shorten responses, humanize content, and create conversational replies through an integrated AI assistant. KeyText supports dynamic variables and placeholders including names, companies, dates, and custom prompts, making personalized communication significantly faster and more scalable. Designed for professionals who frequently repeat similar communication tasks, the platform is widely suited for sales outreach, recruiting, customer support, onboarding, follow-ups, and CRM workflows. KeyText also includes features such as shared team libraries, snippet folders, usage analytics, import/export support, browser-wide compatibility, and AI-powered auto-reply workflows with multi-turn conversational memory. Unlike traditional text expander tools that only paste predefined templates, KeyText integrates generative AI directly into browser communication workflows to create, adapt, and optimize messages in real time.
  • 17
    Streva Reviews

    Streva

    Streva

    $15 per month
    Streva is a sophisticated tool designed for macOS that utilizes AI to facilitate dictation, translation, and text transformation, providing immediate translation right where your cursor is positioned. You can articulate your thoughts in any language, and Streva seamlessly converts your spoken words into well-structured writing within the applications you use daily, all without requiring any copy-pasting, interruptions, or shifting your focus. It's specifically designed for individuals who navigate multiple languages, collaborate with diverse teams, and operate across various time zones, enabling them to eliminate the need to rewrite what they have already articulated verbally. Whether you are crafting an email, engaging in a conversation on Slack, taking meeting notes, writing in Notion, summarizing information in Claude, sending messages in iMessage, updating your to-do list in Todoist, or refining your text in ChatGPT, Streva intelligently adjusts to the application and context to ensure that the outcome is appropriate for the situation. Its intent-driven capabilities in translation and transcription capture tone, intent, nuance, jargon, and real-time context, effectively transforming informal spoken expressions into refined, professional communications. This innovative tool not only enhances productivity but also fosters clearer communication across diverse platforms and languages.
  • 18
    Sauna Reviews

    Sauna

    Sauna

    $99 per month
    Sauna is an innovative multiplayer AI that functions as a cloud-based workspace, adapting to your working style while retaining crucial information and taking action on behalf of you and your entire team. Recognizing that work is often dispersed across various platforms such as Google Sheets, documents, Linear, GitHub, Slack, Notion, meeting notes, Gmail, and Google Calendar, Sauna seamlessly integrates all these tools to streamline tasks, decisions, and workflows from a central hub. Operating continuously in the cloud, it drafts messages in your unique voice, monitors important updates, manages ticketing, provides briefings, and maintains productivity even during your absence. Furthermore, Sauna promotes collective intelligence by allowing users to connect with each other; for instance, one can query a colleague’s Sauna to gain insights or leverage their expertise without causing interruptions. This collaborative feature enhances not only individual efficiency but also fosters a supportive team environment where knowledge sharing is effortless. Ultimately, Sauna revolutionizes the way teams interact with information, ensuring that everyone stays informed and engaged.
  • 19
    TrustClaw Reviews
    TrustClaw serves as a round-the-clock AI assistant that boasts over 1000 integrations via OAuth and operates in a secure, sandboxed environment, fundamentally redesigned with a focus on security based on the principles of OpenClaw. This intelligent assistant is engineered to perform tasks while users rest, allowing for seamless interaction with the same agent across various messaging platforms such as Telegram, with additional support for WhatsApp, Discord, and Slack anticipated in the near future. Users can rely on TrustClaw to manage their workflows efficiently, as it can retrieve and organize emails, compose responses, document customer feedback in Notion, summarize messages from Slack, extract completed tickets from Linear, and create release notes. Furthermore, it can scrape reviews, evaluate sentiment, monitor Gmail for customer inquiries, and integrate with numerous applications including Gmail, GitHub, Notion, Figma, Linear, Jira, Google Drive, Google Calendar, Todoist, Asana, Trello, Stripe, HubSpot, and Airtable, among others. The platform's key feature is its commitment to enhancing security by eliminating the need for insecure password or API-key-based agent configurations in favor of OAuth-only connections and encrypted management of credentials, ensuring a safer user experience. Ultimately, TrustClaw aims to redefine how users interact with AI by providing a trustworthy and efficient solution for managing their digital tasks.
  • 20
    Gemini Intelligence Reviews
    Gemini Intelligence for Android enhances Google's leading devices by transforming the Android operating system into a dynamic intelligence platform that empowers users to remain ahead of their tasks while ensuring data privacy and user control. The system streamlines complex, multi-step activities across various applications, enabling Gemini to manage logistics such as retrieving a class syllabus from Gmail and adding necessary textbooks to a shopping cart, compiling a grocery list into an organized cart, or identifying a travel tour from a snapshot of a brochure, with users receiving notifications of progress and retaining final approval. In addition, Gemini's integration with Chrome allows users to navigate the web more effectively by conducting research, summarizing information, and comparing different online content, while also automating routine tasks such as scheduling appointments or securing parking reservations. This innovative approach not only enhances productivity but also personalizes the user experience by adapting to individual preferences and needs.
  • 21
    Termii Reviews
    Termii functions as an AI-driven platform that enhances the reliability of communication signals, ensuring that essential customer interactions are secure and timely by analyzing SMS, WhatsApp, voice, and email at once, directing each message to the most reliable channel based on the specific context and customer. Designed for critical uses such as OTPs, fraud prevention, transaction notifications, and customer authentication, it prioritizes quick and secure delivery. The platform's API allows businesses of all sizes to seamlessly integrate functionalities like SMS, group messaging, voice calls, WhatsApp, and email into their products or applications in a matter of minutes. Additionally, Termii’s Token API plays a vital role in fraud prevention by generating and verifying one-time passwords sent directly to customers' mobile devices, while the Switch API enables global message transmission across SMS and WhatsApp using a REST API. This versatility makes Termii an indispensable tool for businesses aiming to enhance their communication strategies and ensure customer satisfaction.
  • 22
    Gyld Reviews

    Gyld

    Gyld

    $25 per month
    Gyld empowers teams to create AI-driven employees that can operate autonomously even during off-hours by selecting from a variety of pre-designed AI agents or by customizing their own to automate various tasks within business applications. These AI agents are capable of managing emails, organizing calendars, updating CRM systems, posting updates on Slack, and executing numerous other workflows through intuitive conversations. Users can effortlessly set up AI agents in less than a minute by assigning a name, providing specific instructions, linking essential tools like Gmail, Salesforce, Slack, Stripe, QuickBooks, Google Calendar, and Google Drive, and allowing the agents to function seamlessly across these integrated platforms. Gyld aims to transcend traditional chatbots by equipping AI employees with the capability to take initiative, streamline repetitive tasks, and work around the clock without the need for ongoing supervision. These AI employees can efficiently manage workflows related to inboxes, schedule appointments, update CRM information, follow up with leads, generate reports, and handle social media postings, enabling users to concentrate on more strategic and value-added activities. By leveraging Gyld's technology, organizations can significantly enhance productivity and efficiency across their operations.
  • 23
    Valory AI Reviews

    Valory AI

    Valory AI

    $149/month
    Valory offers a specialized AI phone agent service tailored for Australian service-oriented companies that depend on telephone communications. Our solution involves developing personalized AI receptionists capable of responding to inquiries, collecting information, addressing frequently asked questions, scheduling appointments, directing callers, and providing call summaries to relevant team members. In contrast to do-it-yourself AI solutions, Valory takes care of the entire process, including setup, testing, monitoring, and continuous improvement, ensuring that each agent communicates in a natural manner that aligns with the business's operational style. The primary objective is clear: to assist businesses in avoiding missed calls, minimizing repetitive administrative tasks, and providing a more polished customer experience at all times. By leveraging Valory's capabilities, businesses can enhance their efficiency and client satisfaction simultaneously.
  • 24
    Flockx Reviews

    Flockx

    Flockx

    $29 per month
    Flockx is an innovative AI team designed for creators, aimed at enhancing productivity without the need for additional hires. The AI specialists collaborate seamlessly across various domains such as marketing, content, executive assistance, operations, strategy, and relationship management, ensuring that creators can efficiently convert tasks into completed projects. With the Smart Inbox feature, users achieve "Inbox Zero" as Eva manages incoming Gmail messages by prioritizing them, composing draft responses for significant emails, and archiving less important ones—all while allowing users to maintain control, as nothing is sent without their consent. The Social Studio feature enables creators to eliminate the hassle of manually managing multiple social media platforms by instructing the AI team on brand voice, target platforms, posting schedule, tone, hashtags, emojis, and post length, which results in the automatic generation of tailored content for platforms like Instagram, LinkedIn, and X. This streamlined approach not only allows the team to write, design, format, filter, edit, schedule, and publish posts from a centralized command hub but also ensures that brand voice and visibility of the content calendar are consistently maintained. Ultimately, Flockx empowers creators to focus on their core work while the AI team takes care of the rest.
  • 25
    OpenHuman Reviews

    OpenHuman

    TinyHumans AI

    Free
    OpenHuman is an advanced personal AI superintelligence designed to prioritize privacy, simplicity, and exceptional capability. It serves as a singular assistant that swiftly integrates into a user's environment, learning their context and providing support within minutes rather than requiring extensive setup time. The foundation of OpenHuman lies in its deep personalization, which involves learning from various inputs like screen activity, text messages, emails, and connected applications while ensuring that all contextual information remains confidential. With a memory capacity that scales up to 1 billion tokens, users can share detailed personal information, work-related contexts, documents, and preferences, enabling the assistant to gain a more comprehensive understanding of their needs over time. Additionally, OpenHuman can seamlessly link to tools such as Gmail and Notion with just a few clicks, while also offering advanced users the option to manually configure credentials for enhanced control. Furthermore, it operates a local AI model for handling lower-level tasks like summarization and tooling, ensuring that sensitive work can be kept off the cloud and enhancing overall data security. This combination of features makes OpenHuman a powerful ally in managing personal and professional tasks efficiently.