Compare Apache DataFusion vs. R2 SQL in 2025

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Description

Apache DataFusion is a versatile and efficient query engine crafted in Rust, leveraging Apache Arrow for its in-memory data representation. It caters to developers engaged in creating data-focused systems, including databases, data frames, machine learning models, and real-time streaming applications. With its SQL and DataFrame APIs, DataFusion features a vectorized, multi-threaded execution engine that processes data streams efficiently and supports various partitioned data sources. It is compatible with several native formats such as CSV, Parquet, JSON, and Avro, and facilitates smooth integration with popular object storage solutions like AWS S3, Azure Blob Storage, and Google Cloud Storage. The architecture includes a robust query planner and an advanced optimizer that boasts capabilities such as expression coercion, simplification, and optimizations that consider distribution and sorting, along with automatic reordering of joins. Furthermore, DataFusion allows for extensive customization, enabling developers to incorporate user-defined scalar, aggregate, and window functions along with custom data sources and query languages, making it a powerful tool for diverse data processing needs. This adaptability ensures that developers can tailor the engine to fit their unique use cases effectively.

Description

R2 SQL is a serverless analytics query engine developed by Cloudflare, currently in its open beta phase, that allows users to execute SQL queries on Apache Iceberg tables stored within the R2 Data Catalog without the hassle of managing compute clusters. It is designed to handle vast amounts of data efficiently, utilizing techniques such as metadata pruning, partition-level statistics, and filtering at both the file and row-group levels, all while taking advantage of Cloudflare’s globally distributed compute resources to enhance parallel execution. The system operates by integrating seamlessly with R2 object storage and an Iceberg catalog layer, allowing for data ingestion via Cloudflare Pipelines into Iceberg tables, which can then be queried with ease and minimal overhead. Users can submit queries through the Wrangler CLI or an HTTP API, with access controlled by an API token that provides permissions across R2 SQL, Data Catalog, and storage. Notably, during the open beta period, there are no charges for using R2 SQL itself; costs are only incurred for storage and standard operations within R2. This approach greatly simplifies the analytics process for users, making it more accessible and efficient.