Comment Use a flash (Score 1) 170
Get a digital camera, that can be triggered externally, with low (and known) latency.
Use a flash. It will 1) eliminate the need for shutter speed and 2) illuminate the scene so the camera can use a small aperture, and not need auto focus.
Use barcodes as identifying symbols - there is plenty of barcode scanning software. Turn it "sideways" if needed for further robustness against motion blur
Print the barcode on a reflective material. Then it could easily be the brightest spot in the photo - easy to identify.