Just the example I was going to use. When I was in elementary I borrowed the first edition of K&R from dad's colleague. It's still sitting on my shelf. It's still relevant, and it taught me C. It's the standard on C, been standardised by ANSI, and I'm really considering buying a new one.
Relatively small book, about 300 pages, but it tells you everything you need to know to write C. Everything. When writing docs for my own software I always use this book as a guide. Small, short and to the point. Don't shy away from explaining the implementation, but don't skip on the part how to use it also.
Also Douglas Crockford's, Javascript - The Good Parts, which is also a great book. And Demistified C++ from Kent is also very good (half of my country developer workforce literally learnt C++ based on that book). On the broad coverage scale, Java - The Complete Reference. Both as a murder weapon (1000+ pages), and in the detail of showing various features and quirks of the language and the platform.
And yeah, there was this great book about Pascal I read as a teenager, but I hated programming in Pascal (since I did a lot of C back then), so I forgot the author of the book
New York... when civilization falls apart, remember, we were way ahead of you. - David Letterman