You are probably referring to Hubbert's Peak. His prediction was for peak production in the US, and was mostly on target (which is admirable for a prediction 50 year ahead). The curve has been adapted to several regions, with correct predictions. The peak global production, using Hubbert's curve, is predicted for 2005, and it seems to have indeed ocurred.
Mind you, peak production isn't the same as "running out". There's still a lot of oil out there. It's just that now it's clear we must find an alternative, and we have a couple of decades left.
This is the other main flaw in Kurzweil's argument, that Moore's law somehow translates to software. Hardware has been following Moore's law, but software hasn't.
Please provide some metrics. It is expectable that better hardware leads to better software, and I lean to believe software follows a similar exponential curve unless proven otherwise. Remember that humans are notoriously poor at naturally spotting exponential curves.
We can now model plastics much better than before, and that leads to all kinds of new materials in use. Software. Car engines had tremendous evolution in efficiency in the last decades, mostly because we can now model with increasing accuracy the chemical process of fuel ignition in the confined chamber of the cylinder. That's software (the physics theory is over 50 years old). We have finer resolution MRI scans, using lower and lower radiation, due to better software.
Are these advances caused by better hardware or better software? Both, but don't discount software here.
If you are referring to our ability to model the transformation process between DNA and cells, there's a lot of legwork to be done, yes. However, this legwork is to be helped by an increasing amount of tech. Heck, if MRI scans get another resolution jump we'll be able to spot firing of individual neural units -- now, that'd help understanding how brains work!
Test your theory against US data. Infant mortality rate in '80 was 13 per thousand births. In '06 was 6 per thousand births. In a thousand people set, you had seven datapoints that lived zero years (worst scenario case) and now show up as living 80 years (again, worst case scenario). The effect of better infant mortality rates comes down to 80*7/1000 years=7 months (average scenarios produce 5 months). Meanwhile, in the same period, life expectancy went from 74 to 78 years.
Better infant mortality rates explain 14% of the increase in life expectancy. Where does the rest come from? Better car safety? Perhaps, but certainly with lower effect than infant mortality. The rest? Medical technology.
Moore's law, the base of his argument that technology is evolving exponentially is pretty much on schedule. We are now on the Petaflop (10^15) range, with the transistor count following the predicted exponential.
Cost of DNA sequencing, another of his examples, is today at 0.000008(USD) per base pair. Fits the curve.
RAM cost is now at 28000kB/USD, also fitting the curve
GDP per capita also is within schedule (note that the scale is logarithmic), even with the wealth transfer east (which is bound to be limited in time to ten more years give or take)
And, lastly, the core of all atacks on Kurzweil, so is life expectancy on track.
You may still believe these exponentials will hit some kind of ceiling somehow. That might be true. The numbers, however, support Kurzweil's theory. And predicting from the number of times Moore's law depletion was announced in the last twenty years, I'd wager my bets on Kurzweil.
As a result, the genome alone cannot possibly tell you how to "make" an organism...
Untrue. The genome gives you the instructions for a self-modifying program that eventually produces a human brain. All biology experiments so far seem to point to the fact that the DNA chain indeed contains all the information needed to build an organism.
For the most part, the "expensive" countries all have dying cultures, since they don't reproduce enough to survive. (Remember "replacement rate" is 2.1)
Bah. Portugal is indeed below 2.1, much as most western countries. What most people seem to forget is that Portugal had 5 million people in the XIX century, and has 10 million today. We can shrink to half, and then pickup the slack. Growth isn't good by itself. Heck, we colonized the world when we were 2.5 million strong...
These numbers are probably similar all over Europe.
You're at Witt's End.