'cat /proc/filesystems' lists 47 different file systems, which is a superset of those supported by both Windows and OS X.[1] In terms of what you can actually with just one of those, btrfs enables near-instant (~1 second) snapshots of live file systems, which can then be transferred across the network as incremental backups. It also checksums everything stored on the drive so as to eliminate silent corruption. (With the exception of ZFS, pretty much every other FS around is vulnerable to this.)
OS X may (arguably) have some advantages over Linux in terms of usability, but I don't think you can argue that it has a superior feature set. That's the fundamental difference between them - OS X has a few, highly polished features that serve the needs of the average person (who doesn't mind living in an all-Apple ecosystem), while Linux has almost every feature you could think of with a comparatively small amount of polish.[2]
[1] Note that isn't even exhaustive - it only lists those compiled in or with loaded modules.
[2] e.g. There are currently 3+ different ways to use a SSD as a cache for a mechanical drive. None of them have been integrated into the installer for a distro.