MySQLs handlersocket (included since 5.5) does NoSQL-style read and write operations bypassing the SQL engine. While it has some limitations, it will do >200,000 queries/sec on a low-spec server and there are benchmarks of it doing >750,000 on a 8-core Nehalem (faster than Memcached!), and it's not restricted to in-memory operations. The nice thing is that you can use that for the simpler parts of your app, then use transactional SQL on the same database for more complex operations.
Another one to look at is TokuTek's TokuDB, another InnoDB drop-in replacement, which is particularly good for inserts, low disk use and low-latency replication. They ran a demo doing 1 billion indexed inserts in 7 hours when InnoDB took a week.
For distributed 'cloudy' apps, one of the better choices is Drizzle, which retains the nice bits of MySQL (and MySQL client compatibility) and rewrites all the rest.
I don't think I'll believe MemSQL until Percona have benchmarked it...
> As far as I know no one has created a model of the earth to test global warming or bred a large number of animals to create a new species.
No-one that is, apart from those that have. There have been a fairly large number of the latter, both observing and inducing speciation in plants and animals.
There are plenty of earth models for climatic and other purposes. It's clearly not practical to make physical models, so we have to make do with software ones which don't have such practical constraints. Their accuracy can be tested by seeing if older data can be used to predict more recent data (hindcasting), for example can data gathered from 1900 to 1960 in a given model be used to predict what the conditions were like in the 1960s? If they do, then you might consider some of that model's future predictions trustworthy too. This technique is used to test models of individual parts of an overall climate model, such as temperature changes, cloud actions, El Niño events, gas mixtures etc. Generally these models will only ever get better as research improves and computing power increases. Still, they are an approximation (as all models necessarily are), but as the IPCC said: "Despite such uncertainties, however, models are unanimous in their prediction of substantial climate warming under greenhouse gas increases". More info.
The 'Apple' key's official name is 'command', so yes.
Thus spake the master programmer: "After three days without programming, life becomes meaningless." -- Geoffrey James, "The Tao of Programming"