Comment Re:A Dying Breed (Score 1) 429
And the anti-ESCR crowd objects to said destruction because...well it's not clear. I gather that some of them think a "soul" is injected into a zygote at the moment of its formation. (Of course, the meaning of that sentence hinges on what you think a "soul" is, and I rarely get a satisfactory definition out of religious types.)
Perhaps it's based on the idea that all human beings should be protected the same way, regardless of size or level of development?
If you want the definition of the term "human being" to include blastocysts, would you also want gametes included?
If not: why not? Is it merely that each sperm and each egg only has half the genetic material of the organism that produced it? But in that case why didn't you take the position that a human being should be protected even if it only has half the genes of more "developed" human beings? [Note, I normally do not regard sperm or egg cells as human beings.]
If so: how about the cells that produced the gametes? How about skin cells? If someone gives you a paper cut, have they committed genocide?
Why is "possessing neurons" the criterion?
Because without neurons, there's none of the kind of information processing that makes a person: no concepts, no dreams, no emotion, no "instinct", no impulses, no more capacity for suffering---or for anything else---than a colony of bacteria, no perception of any kind---nothing.
(At this point some people like to say that there is *potential* for the blastocyst to grow into something else that has the biological machinery for those things. And while that is true it is somehow not compelling. Does each *potential* life have an *inalienable right* to be made *actual*? I don't know of any reasonable way to answer "yes" to that question.)
For the purpose of deciding whether a given entity has some inalienable universal right, we have to draw the line somewhere. Maybe someday we *will* recognize each bacterium as deserving said rights, and presumably around that time it would be consistent to do the same with each cell in a blastocyst. Until then, I think it's ok to say that "someone" isn't human if "they" don't have at least one iota of the hardware that makes it possible for the rest of us to exhibit the things that make us human.
The capacity to feel pain? (So if we kill someone after applying anaesthesia or while they're asleep, is that OK?)
No, it's not ok. The difference is that there's an *actual* person there (and not just a *potential* person). Not only does that entity have the *capacity* for all those wonderful mental activities, *it's actually doing many of them every minute of every day*, even while sleeping. (Though we tend not to notice the latter as much. But talk to your local neuroscientist who specializes in sleep studdies; it's fascinating stuff.) Besides: your hypothetical someone also probably wanted to go on living. That's another thing that sets him/her apart from the blastocyst out of which that person grew.
You think that while we're still developing the capacity to think, our rights are still "developing"?
I don't know. There may be a time (say, when we really understand the nature of consciousness) when our understanding permits us to apply more fine-grained rules. For now, for practical purposes, all of us demand *some* kind of boundary (whether stark or gradual, early or late) between "deserving rights" and "not deserving rights". So for now I could be content to say an embryo "deserves full rights" as soon as it has a brain (even though a housefly might have a larger and more complex brain). I'm totally open to reevaluating that stance however.
You want to classify human beings into "human beings that are persons" and "human beings that aren't".
I suppose that depends on what you think "human being" means and what you think "person" means.
You want to say, "Unless you've finished developing this or that function in your body, you're not a human person yet."
That's basically correct. Would you say that you don't? Or perhaps you would pretend not to by assuming a definition of "body" that excludes sperm and egg cells but not zygotes? If so, what is the basis for that exclusion?
Won't somebody please think of the gametes?
(It could be argued that life never "begins" (at least, not for any individual "human being"): life can also be seen as a continuum of ever-shuffling genes where a zygote is just a *continuation* of sperm and egg, which in turn are continuations of the cells that created them, and so on, backward in time to the first replicating molecule billions of years ago.)