So what handheld computer should I use if I want to write my own software but don't want Google
Continue using Android. It's an acceptable OS (I use it). Accept that if you want to use Android, they're going to want you to use their other services. It's not google's fault it has shitty competition. There is also WP8.
No, you have a Google account. Google is requiring certain users who already have a Google account to add a Google+ profile to their Google account and associate all activity on their Google account with their Google+ profile.
yes, yes they are. I don't care. I have a Google+ account (and like it). They are also giving people with Google+ page preferential search results. I also don't care, google can do what it wants. I don't care if google is playing dirty, i don't expect better. No one is forcing me to use any of their services. I choose to use them. I also don't post anything particularity private or embarrassing. Google is not my friend (and that's OK). They will eventually force everyone to use G+ (guess what, i don't care).
The point of my post, which you seem to have taken as criticizing Google (presumably because it wasn't fawning with devotion) was to tell people to get a G+ account and stop whining or stop using feedly and Google.