The design of Bitcoin doesn't allow for a more energy-efficient method of mining. The automated issuing scheme of Bitcoin dictates that currently new 900 BTC per day are minted. Simplified, that's means that all miners together can expend an amount equivalent to up to 900 BTC per day for mining these 900 coins. Would they spend more, they'd be losing money. Anything they spend less is profit. (In addition, miners also get rewarded with transaction fees that they may add to their mining budget).
Miners convert the earned BTC to fiat (for instance, dollars) to pay for equipment, staff, rent and electricity. Every 4 years, the amount of BTC mined per day halves, and in fact there's an upcoming halving event in about 3 weeks from now. From that point onwards, only 450 BTC per day will be available to be mined, until that gets halved again to 225 in 2028.
Note that inefficient miners will quickly be forced out. Miners that expend more money than they earn from the amount of BTC that they mine will be making a loss and will quickly fold. To give a simple example: if you'd mine yourself using power from the grid then you'll likely find that you spend more in electricity than you earn from mining. Miners therefore are forced to employ the cheapest possible power to be able to compete. Fortunately, there is abundant free power available. Power from hydro, windmills and solar can be used for free during times in which more power is generated than the grid is able to absorb. Normally during these times, electricity prices can even turn negative just so that power plants stop flooding the grid with power it can't absorb. Storing the excess power in batteries is uneconomical. Miners however are happy to absorb this power and in fact, some power generating companies offer contracts to miners to help them balance the grid by switching off- or on- their mining equipment at the right moments.
Part of the power generated from renewables is normally wasted during times of excessive generation, but now this waste power can earn money by selling it to miners instead. This improves the business case for renewables which means cheaper and cleaner power for everyone.
Looking at it this way, the case can be made that Bitcoin even promotes renewable energy. But the takeaway from all this is that the reality is much more nuanced than your typical "muh bitcoin wastes power, bad" knee-jerk reaction, which, by the way, also asserts that Bitcoin has no utility which is absolutely false.