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Comment The standard suggests a workaround (Score 2) 88

From The Standard (in Chapter 3, Basic Display Algorithm):

The algorithm reorders text only within a paragraph; characters in one paragraph have no effect on characters in a different paragraph. Paragraphs are divided by the Paragraph Separator or appropriate Newline Function (for guidelines on the handling of CR, LF, and CRLF, see Section 4.4, Directionality, and Section 5.8, Newline Guidelines of [Unicode]). Paragraphs may also be determined by higher-level protocols: for example, the text in two different cells of a table will be in different paragraphs.

It seems to me that compilers and code editors could define a "paragraph" as a string literal, a comment, or an identifier token, which would allow for reasonable display of mixed L2R/R2L text without allowing for it to obfuscate the surrounding code. Additionally, this would mean that attempting to hide a string or comment terminator inside a L2R/R2L/L2R/etc. sequence would fail.

For command shells, I would also suggest that path delimiters and terminating file extensions also delimit paragraphs. And probably other characters as required by the command shell environment.

Comment Re:Profit vs. Safety (Score 1) 134

If a private company loses an astronaut, It's an industrial accident. When NASA loses an astronaut, It's a national tragedy.

We haven't yet seen what the national response will be the first time a private company loses an astronaut.

Michael Alsbury would like to have a word with you, but he can't, because he's dead. He died in the 2014 crash of SpaceShipTwo - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... . There were investigations, and criticisms - but the program continued after required improvements were made.

Comment Nonsense (Score 1) 126

You are paying what the market price is. In this case, a market price strongly influenced by the fact that these are the "official" licensed chess sets of the World Chess Championship. There is not a linear relationship between price and cost-of-manufacture. There is a correlation, but mostly because manufacturers size their investments to match an expected market. This is true in chess boards, in computer components, in housing, in mining, ...

Comment Re:Still a bad value (Score 2) 130

That's not because of shelf life. That's because of overcharge and/or over-discharge - laptop vendors tend to create charge/discharge profiles that abuse the cells in the interest of quoting more hours of operation per charge. If you were to detach your laptop's battery from all electronics (including a battery monitor / BMS) you would find that it retains its charge for months or even years.

Comment Re:Still a bad value (Score 5, Interesting) 130

Lead is cheap but you get what you pay for.

First, lead-acid has a shelf life even if you do not discharge the battery - the lead plates sulfate over time, reducing capacity. It is only partially reversible by occasional special charge/discharge cycles. This shelf life is something like 3-5 years, depending on how much capacity you are willing to lose.

Second, lead-acid self-discharges. This means, unless you use the battery very close in time to when you charge it, you've wasted some of the energy you put into it. Trickle-charging only makes this worse, since you will always be dropping energy into the battery without getting most of it out.

Third, lead-acid discharge voltages are strongly impacted by the current at which you discharge them - look up the Peukert exponent for the golf cart batteries you were quoting - it will be over 1.2, and probably higher, meaning that high current discharge will drain the battery much faster than expected.

Finally, even deep cycle lead-acid batteries are slowly degraded even by the 50% discharge you quote. It only takes a few hundred cycles for capacity to be diminished by double-digit percentages. This is caused by plate erosion.

Existing lithium cells don't have a known shelf-life (they probably have one, but we don't know what it is) - it could be 10 years or more. They have expected 80% discharge cycle counts of *thousands* rather than hundreds. And their Peukert exponent is very close to 1.00 since they don't have the same variable internal resistance characteristics of lead-acid.

I have first-hand experience of this - I have used all three of deep-cycle flooded, deep-cycle sealed (AGM), and now Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) cells in my home-built electric vehicle conversions. My lead-acid shelf lives were right along with that 3-5 year expectations. The LiFePO4 cells are going on 2 years now with no measurable decrease in capacity.

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