Web programmers tend to be lower skill programmers.
This is a common misconception among c / c++ developers. Fact is it's simply not true, you have to deal with a multitude to complex issues that you simply don't need to deal with in native code development. I do both web and native code development and I can tell you that the tasks are just different not easier or harder.
Your atitude in this respect reminded me of a guy that recently applied for a job position at the company I work. He was a c++ developer who wrote on his cover letter something along the lines of "I don't know any web development however because of my experience in native languages I think I will be able to easily pick it up". That's simply naive and wrong, as you can expect he wasn't selected.
As for the rest you wrote I agree and disagree at the same time. Sure there are a lot of "make it work" attitudes however you get the same atitude in native code development too so it isn't something restricted to web development.
a new markup language that's meant to do pixel perfect rendering (HTML is not, but its used that way)
No, no it is not. People who think like this do not understand web development, and almost no one apart from terrible developers treats it in the way you mentioned. Websites have to be designed to fit on everything from small mobile phones to big TVs. That's why everyone is trying to make their sites "responsive". Everyone is moving in the complete opposite direction to what you have mentioned in that the best way to build a site is with a css grid to make your site handle different resolutions.
I agree that javascript is a terrible language fortunately things are improving if you look at the latest standards being developed for newer versions. I guess we can only hope that it improves to the point where it doesn't just outright suck.