Best Large Language Models for Medical LLM

GPT-4, or Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4, is a highly advanced unsupervised language model that is anticipated for release by OpenAI. As the successor to GPT-3, it belongs to the GPT-n series of natural language processing models and was developed using an extensive dataset comprising 45TB of text, enabling it to generate and comprehend text in a manner akin to human communication. Distinct from many conventional NLP models, GPT-4 operates without the need for additional training data tailored to specific tasks. It is capable of generating text or responding to inquiries by utilizing only the context it creates internally. Demonstrating remarkable versatility, GPT-4 can adeptly tackle a diverse array of tasks such as translation, summarization, question answering, sentiment analysis, and more, all without any dedicated task-specific training. This ability to perform such varied functions further highlights its potential impact on the field of artificial intelligence and natural language processing.

The GPT-3.5 series represents an advancement in OpenAI's large language models, building on the capabilities of its predecessor, GPT-3. These models excel at comprehending and producing human-like text, with four primary variations designed for various applications. The core GPT-3.5 models are intended to be utilized through the text completion endpoint, while additional models are optimized for different endpoint functionalities. Among these, the Davinci model family stands out as the most powerful, capable of executing any task that the other models can handle, often requiring less detailed input. For tasks that demand a deep understanding of context, such as tailoring summaries for specific audiences or generating creative content, the Davinci model tends to yield superior outcomes. However, this enhanced capability comes at a cost, as Davinci requires more computing resources, making it pricier for API usage and slower compared to its counterparts. Overall, the advancements in GPT-3.5 not only improve performance but also expand the range of potential applications.

FLAN-T5, introduced in the paper titled "Scaling Instruction-Finetuned Language Models," represents an improved iteration of T5 that has undergone fine-tuning across a diverse range of tasks, thereby enhancing its capabilities. This advancement allows it to better understand and respond to various instructional prompts.

Introducing the next iteration of our open-source large language model, this version features model weights along with initial code for the pretrained and fine-tuned Llama language models, which span from 7 billion to 70 billion parameters. The Llama 2 pretrained models have been developed using an impressive 2 trillion tokens and offer double the context length compared to their predecessor, Llama 1. Furthermore, the fine-tuned models have been enhanced through the analysis of over 1 million human annotations. Llama 2 demonstrates superior performance against various other open-source language models across multiple external benchmarks, excelling in areas such as reasoning, coding capabilities, proficiency, and knowledge assessments. For its training, Llama 2 utilized publicly accessible online data sources, while the fine-tuned variant, Llama-2-chat, incorporates publicly available instruction datasets along with the aforementioned extensive human annotations. Our initiative enjoys strong support from a diverse array of global stakeholders who are enthusiastic about our open approach to AI, including companies that have provided valuable early feedback and are eager to collaborate using Llama 2. The excitement surrounding Llama 2 signifies a pivotal shift in how AI can be developed and utilized collectively.

We introduce T5, a model that transforms all natural language processing tasks into a consistent text-to-text format, ensuring that both inputs and outputs are text strings, unlike BERT-style models which are limited to providing either a class label or a segment of the input text. This innovative text-to-text approach enables us to utilize the same model architecture, loss function, and hyperparameter settings across various NLP tasks such as machine translation, document summarization, question answering, and classification, including sentiment analysis. Furthermore, T5's versatility extends to regression tasks, where it can be trained to output the textual form of a number rather than the number itself, showcasing its adaptability. This unified framework greatly simplifies the handling of diverse NLP challenges, promoting efficiency and consistency in model training and application.