Best Free Discrete Element Method (DEM) Software of 2026

LIGGGHTS is an open-source simulation software that employs the Discrete Element Method to model materials composed of particles, particularly emphasizing simulations related to industrial granules and heat transfer. The name LIGGGHTS reflects its foundation on LAMMPS, improved specifically to enhance simulations of general granular materials and their thermal dynamics, thereby broadening the reach of DEM into practical industrial scenarios. This tool is adept at simulating a variety of systems in which the behavior of materials arises from the dynamics, collisions, friction, cohesion, thermal exchange, and interactions among individual particles. It proves beneficial for studying an array of applications, including powders, grains, bulk solids, particulate flows, packed beds, conveyor systems, mixing operations, hopper discharges, and material handling, particularly in contexts where the behaviors at the particle level are significant. Currently, LIGGGHTS is embraced by numerous research institutions and commercial enterprises across the globe, valued for its open-source nature and the adaptability it offers in the simulation of particulate materials. Moreover, its versatility makes it an essential tool in advancing research and development in various fields related to granular systems.

LAMMPS, which stands for Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator, is a powerful molecular dynamics software tailored for materials modeling. It has the capability to simulate various particle ensembles across liquid, solid, and gas phases, accommodating a diverse range of systems including atomic, polymeric, biological, solid-state, granular, coarse-grained, mesoscopic, and macroscopic forms by utilizing numerous interatomic potentials, force fields, and boundary conditions. Designed for two or three-dimensional simulations, LAMMPS can handle systems ranging from a handful of particles to billions, ensuring efficient performance on parallel computing architectures while also being user-friendly for modifications and extensions. The software incorporates potentials that cater to solid-state materials like metals and semiconductors, soft matter such as biomolecules and polymers, as well as coarse-grained or mesoscopic systems. Additionally, it serves as a versatile tool for modeling atomic interactions or, more broadly, as a parallel particle simulator applicable across atomic, meso, or continuum scales, making it a valuable resource in computational materials science.

Yade is a versatile and open-source framework aimed at discrete numerical modeling, particularly utilizing the Discrete Element Method. The core computational components are developed in C++, leveraging a flexible object model that facilitates the standalone implementation of new algorithms and interfaces. Meanwhile, Python serves as the language for quick and efficient construction of scenes, control of simulations, postprocessing tasks, and debugging processes. This framework is particularly suited for researchers and engineers who require the ability to create, execute, analyze, adjust, and expand particle-based simulations through scripts, interactive commands, graphical interfaces, and reusable simulation elements. Users can construct simulations using specialized generators or directly through Python scripts, offering considerable freedom in developing custom models, importing geometries, reusing code, and managing the entire simulation loop. Each simulation is represented as a scene that encompasses bodies, interactions, and the forces resulting from them, with the bodies characterized by their geometry, material properties, and state variables. Additionally, Yade's architecture promotes collaboration and sharing of advancements within the research community, enabling continuous improvement of simulation techniques.

MercuryDPM is an open-source software designed for conducting discrete particle simulations, enabling the analysis of particle or atom movement through the application of forces and torques from external influences, such as gravitational and magnetic fields, as well as from laws governing particle interactions. In the context of granular particles, these interactions predominantly consist of contact forces, which can include elastic, plastic, viscous, and frictional effects, while molecular simulations may utilize interaction potentials like Lennard-Jones. This software is developed in a robust, object-oriented C++ framework, emphasizing clarity, flexibility, and extensibility to accommodate the needs of researchers and engineers tasked with developing new simulation models. Although primarily focused on granular material applications, MercuryDPM is designed to be versatile enough to handle various particle-based systems and accommodate long-range interaction scenarios. Users are supported by comprehensive documentation that walks them through the processes of installation, executing simulations, visualizing results, analyzing data, and creating custom MercuryDPM codes tailored to simulate their specific systems of interest. Overall, MercuryDPM represents a valuable tool for advancing the understanding of particle dynamics across a range of scientific fields.

MFiX, which stands for Multiphase Flow with Interphase eXchanges, serves as an open-source solver designed for multiphase flow and is recognized as NETL’s primary suite of computational fluid dynamics tools for simulating reacting multiphase flows. It has established itself as a benchmark for the comparison, implementation, and assessment of constitutive models in multiphase flow scenarios and has been utilized across a wide variety of multiphase flow devices and industrial applications. Offering various modeling techniques, MFiX includes the Two-Fluid Model, Discrete Element Model, Coarse-Grained Particle DEM, Superquadric Particle DEM, Glued-Sphere Particle DEM, Particle-in-Cell model, hybrid approaches, and a dedicated single-phase solver tailored for granular flows. These advanced models enable the simulation of numerous systems such as gasifiers, circulating fluidized bed combustors, fluidized beds, fluid catalytic crackers, and chemical looping combustion systems, addressing complex interactions involving hydrodynamics, heat transfer, species transport, and various chemical reactions. As a result, MFiX contributes significantly to the understanding and optimization of these intricate processes in both research and industrial settings.