Alternatives to OpenEuroLLM

OLMo 2 represents a collection of completely open language models created by the Allen Institute for AI (AI2), aimed at giving researchers and developers clear access to training datasets, open-source code, reproducible training methodologies, and thorough assessments. These models are trained on an impressive volume of up to 5 trillion tokens and compete effectively with top open-weight models like Llama 3.1, particularly in English academic evaluations. A key focus of OLMo 2 is on ensuring training stability, employing strategies to mitigate loss spikes during extended training periods, and applying staged training interventions in the later stages of pretraining to mitigate weaknesses in capabilities. Additionally, the models leverage cutting-edge post-training techniques derived from AI2's Tülu 3, leading to the development of OLMo 2-Instruct models. To facilitate ongoing enhancements throughout the development process, an actionable evaluation framework known as the Open Language Modeling Evaluation System (OLMES) was created, which includes 20 benchmarks that evaluate essential capabilities. This comprehensive approach not only fosters transparency but also encourages continuous improvement in language model performance.

Teuken-7B is a multilingual language model that has been developed as part of the OpenGPT-X initiative, specifically tailored to meet the needs of Europe's varied linguistic environment. This model has been trained on a dataset where over half consists of non-English texts, covering all 24 official languages of the European Union, which ensures it performs well across these languages. A significant advancement in Teuken-7B is its unique multilingual tokenizer, which has been fine-tuned for European languages, leading to enhanced training efficiency and lower inference costs when compared to conventional monolingual tokenizers. Users can access two versions of the model: Teuken-7B-Base, which serves as the basic pre-trained version, and Teuken-7B-Instruct, which has received instruction tuning aimed at boosting its ability to respond to user requests. Both models are readily available on Hugging Face, fostering an environment of transparency and collaboration within the artificial intelligence community while also encouraging further innovation. The creation of Teuken-7B highlights a dedication to developing AI solutions that embrace and represent the rich diversity found across Europe.

Open R1 is a collaborative, open-source effort focused on mimicking the sophisticated AI functionalities of DeepSeek-R1 using clear and open methods. Users have the opportunity to explore the Open R1 AI model or engage in a free online chat with DeepSeek R1 via the Open R1 platform. This initiative presents a thorough execution of DeepSeek-R1's reasoning-optimized training framework, featuring resources for GRPO training, SFT fine-tuning, and the creation of synthetic data, all available under the MIT license. Although the original training dataset is still proprietary, Open R1 equips users with a complete suite of tools to create and enhance their own AI models, allowing for greater customization and experimentation in the field of artificial intelligence.

OpenGPT-X is an initiative based in Germany that is dedicated to creating large AI language models specifically designed to meet the needs of Europe, highlighting attributes such as adaptability, reliability, multilingual support, and open-source accessibility. This initiative unites various partners to encompass the full spectrum of the generative AI value chain, which includes scalable, GPU-powered infrastructure and data for training expansive language models, alongside model design and practical applications through prototypes and proofs of concept. The primary goal of OpenGPT-X is to promote innovative research with a significant emphasis on business applications, thus facilitating the quicker integration of generative AI within the German economic landscape. Additionally, the project places a strong importance on the ethical development of AI, ensuring that the models developed are both reliable and consistent with European values and regulations. Furthermore, OpenGPT-X offers valuable resources such as the LLM Workbook and a comprehensive three-part reference guide filled with examples and resources to aid users in grasping the essential features of large AI language models, ultimately fostering a deeper understanding of this technology. By providing these tools, OpenGPT-X not only supports the technical development of AI but also encourages responsible usage and implementation across various sectors.

GigaChat 3 Ultra redefines open-source scale by delivering a 702B-parameter frontier model purpose-built for Russian and multilingual understanding. Designed with a modern MoE architecture, it achieves the reasoning strength of giant dense models while using only a fraction of active parameters per generation step. Its massive 14T-token training corpus includes natural human text, curated multilingual sources, extensive STEM materials, and billions of high-quality synthetic examples crafted to boost logic, math, and programming skills. This model is not a derivative or retrained foreign LLM—it is a ground-up build engineered to capture cultural nuance, linguistic accuracy, and reliable long-context performance. GigaChat 3 Ultra integrates seamlessly with open-source tooling like vLLM, sglang, DeepSeek-class architectures, and HuggingFace-based training stacks. It supports advanced capabilities including a code interpreter, improved chat template, memory system, contextual search reformulation, and 128K context windows. Benchmarking shows clear improvements over previous GigaChat generations and competitive results against global leaders in coding, reasoning, and cross-domain tasks. Overall, GigaChat 3 Ultra empowers teams to explore frontier-scale AI without sacrificing transparency, customizability, or ecosystem compatibility.

Tülu 3 is a cutting-edge language model created by the Allen Institute for AI (Ai2) that aims to improve proficiency in fields like knowledge, reasoning, mathematics, coding, and safety. It is based on the Llama 3 Base and undergoes a detailed four-stage post-training regimen: careful prompt curation and synthesis, supervised fine-tuning on a wide array of prompts and completions, preference tuning utilizing both off- and on-policy data, and a unique reinforcement learning strategy that enhances targeted skills through measurable rewards. Notably, this open-source model sets itself apart by ensuring complete transparency, offering access to its training data, code, and evaluation tools, thus bridging the performance divide between open and proprietary fine-tuning techniques. Performance assessments reveal that Tülu 3 surpasses other models with comparable sizes, like Llama 3.1-Instruct and Qwen2.5-Instruct, across an array of benchmarks, highlighting its effectiveness. The continuous development of Tülu 3 signifies the commitment to advancing AI capabilities while promoting an open and accessible approach to technology.

This repository showcases the research preview of LongLLaMA, an advanced large language model that can manage extensive contexts of up to 256,000 tokens or potentially more. LongLLaMA is developed on the OpenLLaMA framework and has been fine-tuned utilizing the Focused Transformer (FoT) technique. The underlying code for LongLLaMA is derived from Code Llama. We are releasing a smaller 3B base variant of the LongLLaMA model, which is not instruction-tuned, under an open license (Apache 2.0), along with inference code that accommodates longer contexts available on Hugging Face. This model's weights can seamlessly replace LLaMA in existing systems designed for shorter contexts, specifically those handling up to 2048 tokens. Furthermore, we include evaluation results along with comparisons to the original OpenLLaMA models, thereby providing a comprehensive overview of LongLLaMA's capabilities in the realm of long-context processing.

Perplexity AI has released R1 1776 as an open-source large language model (LLM), built on the DeepSeek R1 framework, with the goal of improving transparency and encouraging collaborative efforts in the field of AI development. With this release, researchers and developers can explore the model's architecture and underlying code, providing them the opportunity to enhance and tailor it for diverse use cases. By making R1 1776 available to the public, Perplexity AI seeks to drive innovation while upholding ethical standards in the AI sector. This initiative not only empowers the community but also fosters a culture of shared knowledge and responsibility among AI practitioners.

Mistral Large 3 pushes open-source AI into frontier territory with a massive sparse MoE architecture that activates 41B parameters per token while maintaining a highly efficient 675B total parameter design. It sets a new performance standard by combining long-context reasoning, multilingual fluency across 40+ languages, and robust multimodal comprehension within a single unified model. Trained end-to-end on thousands of NVIDIA H200 GPUs, it reaches parity with top closed-source instruction models while remaining fully accessible under the Apache 2.0 license. Developers benefit from optimized deployments through partnerships with NVIDIA, Red Hat, and vLLM, enabling smooth inference on A100, H100, and Blackwell-class systems. The model ships in both base and instruct variants, with a reasoning-enhanced version on the way for even deeper analytical capabilities. Beyond general intelligence, Mistral Large 3 is engineered for enterprise customization, allowing organizations to refine the model on internal datasets or domain-specific tasks. Its efficient token generation and powerful multimodal stack make it ideal for coding, document analysis, knowledge workflows, agentic systems, and multilingual communications. With Mistral Large 3, organizations can finally deploy frontier-class intelligence with full transparency, flexibility, and control.

Llama (Large Language Model Meta AI) stands as a cutting-edge foundational large language model aimed at helping researchers push the boundaries of their work within this area of artificial intelligence. By providing smaller yet highly effective models like Llama, the research community can benefit even if they lack extensive infrastructure, thus promoting greater accessibility in this dynamic and rapidly evolving domain. Creating smaller foundational models such as Llama is advantageous in the landscape of large language models, as it demands significantly reduced computational power and resources, facilitating the testing of innovative methods, confirming existing research, and investigating new applications. These foundational models leverage extensive unlabeled datasets, making them exceptionally suitable for fine-tuning across a range of tasks. We are offering Llama in multiple sizes (7B, 13B, 33B, and 65B parameters), accompanied by a detailed Llama model card that outlines our development process while adhering to our commitment to Responsible AI principles. By making these resources available, we aim to empower a broader segment of the research community to engage with and contribute to advancements in AI.

We are excited to present MPT-7B, the newest addition to the MosaicML Foundation Series. This transformer model has been meticulously trained from the ground up using 1 trillion tokens of diverse text and code. It is open-source and ready for commercial applications, delivering performance on par with LLaMA-7B. The training process took 9.5 days on the MosaicML platform, requiring no human input and incurring an approximate cost of $200,000. With MPT-7B, you can now train, fine-tune, and launch your own customized MPT models, whether you choose to begin with one of our provided checkpoints or start anew. To provide additional options, we are also introducing three fine-tuned variants alongside the base MPT-7B: MPT-7B-Instruct, MPT-7B-Chat, and MPT-7B-StoryWriter-65k+, the latter boasting an impressive context length of 65,000 tokens, allowing for extensive content generation. These advancements open up new possibilities for developers and researchers looking to leverage the power of transformer models in their projects.

StarCoder and StarCoderBase represent advanced Large Language Models specifically designed for code, developed using openly licensed data from GitHub, which encompasses over 80 programming languages, Git commits, GitHub issues, and Jupyter notebooks. In a manner akin to LLaMA, we constructed a model with approximately 15 billion parameters trained on a staggering 1 trillion tokens. Furthermore, we tailored the StarCoderBase model with 35 billion Python tokens, leading to the creation of what we now refer to as StarCoder. Our evaluations indicated that StarCoderBase surpasses other existing open Code LLMs when tested against popular programming benchmarks and performs on par with or even exceeds proprietary models like code-cushman-001 from OpenAI, the original Codex model that fueled early iterations of GitHub Copilot. With an impressive context length exceeding 8,000 tokens, the StarCoder models possess the capability to handle more information than any other open LLM, thus paving the way for a variety of innovative applications. This versatility is highlighted by our ability to prompt the StarCoder models through a sequence of dialogues, effectively transforming them into dynamic technical assistants that can provide support in diverse programming tasks.

We are excited to announce the launch of our X1 large series of models. The most robust model from Giga ML is now accessible for both pre-training and fine-tuning in an on-premises environment. Thanks to our compatibility with Open AI, existing integrations with tools like long chain, llama-index, and others function effortlessly. You can also proceed with pre-training LLMs using specialized data sources such as industry-specific documents or company files. The landscape of large language models (LLMs) is rapidly evolving, creating incredible opportunities for advancements in natural language processing across multiple fields. Despite this growth, several significant challenges persist in the industry. At Giga ML, we are thrilled to introduce the X1 Large 32k model, an innovative on-premise LLM solution designed specifically to tackle these pressing challenges, ensuring that organizations can harness the full potential of LLMs effectively. With this launch, we aim to empower businesses to elevate their language processing capabilities.

Olmo 3 represents a comprehensive family of open models featuring variations with 7 billion and 32 billion parameters, offering exceptional capabilities in base performance, reasoning, instruction, and reinforcement learning, while also providing transparency throughout the model development process, which includes access to raw training datasets, intermediate checkpoints, training scripts, extended context support (with a window of 65,536 tokens), and provenance tools. The foundation of these models is built upon the Dolma 3 dataset, which comprises approximately 9 trillion tokens and utilizes a careful blend of web content, scientific papers, programming code, and lengthy documents; this thorough pre-training, mid-training, and long-context approach culminates in base models that undergo post-training enhancements through supervised fine-tuning, preference optimization, and reinforcement learning with accountable rewards, resulting in the creation of the Think and Instruct variants. Notably, the 32 billion Think model has been recognized as the most powerful fully open reasoning model to date, demonstrating performance that closely rivals that of proprietary counterparts in areas such as mathematics, programming, and intricate reasoning tasks, thereby marking a significant advancement in open model development. This innovation underscores the potential for open-source models to compete with traditional, closed systems in various complex applications.

GPT-J represents an advanced language model developed by EleutherAI, known for its impressive capabilities. When it comes to performance, GPT-J showcases a proficiency that rivals OpenAI's well-known GPT-3 in various zero-shot tasks. Remarkably, it has even outperformed GPT-3 in specific areas, such as code generation. The most recent version of this model, called GPT-J-6B, is constructed using a comprehensive linguistic dataset known as The Pile, which is publicly accessible and consists of an extensive 825 gibibytes of language data divided into 22 unique subsets. Although GPT-J possesses similarities to ChatGPT, it's crucial to highlight that it is primarily intended for text prediction rather than functioning as a chatbot. In a notable advancement in March 2023, Databricks unveiled Dolly, a model that is capable of following instructions and operates under an Apache license, further enriching the landscape of language models. This evolution in AI technology continues to push the boundaries of what is possible in natural language processing.

Introducing the next iteration of our open-source large language model, this version features model weights along with initial code for the pretrained and fine-tuned Llama language models, which span from 7 billion to 70 billion parameters. The Llama 2 pretrained models have been developed using an impressive 2 trillion tokens and offer double the context length compared to their predecessor, Llama 1. Furthermore, the fine-tuned models have been enhanced through the analysis of over 1 million human annotations. Llama 2 demonstrates superior performance against various other open-source language models across multiple external benchmarks, excelling in areas such as reasoning, coding capabilities, proficiency, and knowledge assessments. For its training, Llama 2 utilized publicly accessible online data sources, while the fine-tuned variant, Llama-2-chat, incorporates publicly available instruction datasets along with the aforementioned extensive human annotations. Our initiative enjoys strong support from a diverse array of global stakeholders who are enthusiastic about our open approach to AI, including companies that have provided valuable early feedback and are eager to collaborate using Llama 2. The excitement surrounding Llama 2 signifies a pivotal shift in how AI can be developed and utilized collectively.

Stability AI, along with its CarperAI lab, is excited to unveil Stable Beluga 1 and its advanced successor, Stable Beluga 2, previously known as FreeWilly, both of which are robust new Large Language Models (LLMs) available for public use. These models exhibit remarkable reasoning capabilities across a wide range of benchmarks, showcasing their versatility and strength. Stable Beluga 1 is built on the original LLaMA 65B foundation model and has undergone meticulous fine-tuning with a novel synthetically-generated dataset utilizing Supervised Fine-Tune (SFT) in the conventional Alpaca format. In a similar vein, Stable Beluga 2 utilizes the LLaMA 2 70B foundation model, pushing the boundaries of performance in the industry. Their development marks a significant step forward in the evolution of open access AI technologies.

We are creating advanced large language models tailored to India's rich linguistic diversity while also facilitating innovative GenAI applications through custom enterprise solutions. Our focus is on building a robust platform that empowers businesses to create and assess their own GenAI applications seamlessly. Believing in the transformative potential of open-source, we are dedicated to contributing to community-driven models and datasets, and we will take a leading role in curating large-scale data aimed at the public good. Our team consists of dynamic AI innovators who combine their expertise in research, engineering, product design, and business operations to drive progress. United by a common dedication to scientific excellence and making a positive societal impact, we cultivate a workplace where addressing intricate technological challenges is embraced as a true passion. In this collaborative environment, we strive to push the boundaries of AI and its applications for the betterment of society.

Qwen-7B is the 7-billion parameter iteration of Alibaba Cloud's Qwen language model series, also known as Tongyi Qianwen. This large language model utilizes a Transformer architecture and has been pretrained on an extensive dataset comprising web texts, books, code, and more. Furthermore, we introduced Qwen-7B-Chat, an AI assistant that builds upon the pretrained Qwen-7B model and incorporates advanced alignment techniques. The Qwen-7B series boasts several notable features: It has been trained on a premium dataset, with over 2.2 trillion tokens sourced from a self-assembled collection of high-quality texts and codes across various domains, encompassing both general and specialized knowledge. Additionally, our model demonstrates exceptional performance, surpassing competitors of similar size on numerous benchmark datasets that assess capabilities in natural language understanding, mathematics, and coding tasks. This positions Qwen-7B as a leading choice in the realm of AI language models. Overall, its sophisticated training and robust design contribute to its impressive versatility and effectiveness.

IBM® Granite™ comprises a suite of AI models specifically designed for business applications, built from the ground up to prioritize trust and scalability in AI implementations. Currently, the open-source Granite models can be accessed. Our goal is to make AI widely available to as many developers as possible, which is why we have released the essential Granite Code, as well as Time Series, Language, and GeoSpatial models as open-source on Hugging Face, under the permissive Apache 2.0 license, allowing extensive commercial use without restrictions. Every Granite model is developed using meticulously selected data, ensuring exceptional transparency regarding the sources of the training data. Additionally, we have made the tools that validate and maintain the quality of this data accessible to the public, meeting the rigorous standards required for enterprise-level applications. This commitment to openness and quality reflects our dedication to fostering innovation in the AI landscape.

LFM2 represents an advanced series of on-device foundation models designed to provide a remarkably swift generative-AI experience across a diverse array of devices. By utilizing a novel hybrid architecture, it achieves decoding and pre-filling speeds that are up to twice as fast as those of similar models, while also enhancing training efficiency by as much as three times compared to its predecessor. These models offer a perfect equilibrium of quality, latency, and memory utilization suitable for embedded system deployment, facilitating real-time, on-device AI functionality in smartphones, laptops, vehicles, wearables, and various other platforms, which results in millisecond inference, device durability, and complete data sovereignty. LFM2 is offered in three configurations featuring 0.35 billion, 0.7 billion, and 1.2 billion parameters, showcasing benchmark results that surpass similarly scaled models in areas including knowledge recall, mathematics, multilingual instruction adherence, and conversational dialogue assessments. With these capabilities, LFM2 not only enhances user experience but also sets a new standard for on-device AI performance.

The newest version in the Llama series, Llama 3.3, represents a significant advancement in language models aimed at enhancing AI's capabilities in understanding and communication. It boasts improved contextual reasoning, superior language generation, and advanced fine-tuning features aimed at producing exceptionally accurate, human-like responses across a variety of uses. This iteration incorporates a more extensive training dataset, refined algorithms for deeper comprehension, and mitigated biases compared to earlier versions. Llama 3.3 stands out in applications including natural language understanding, creative writing, technical explanations, and multilingual interactions, making it a crucial asset for businesses, developers, and researchers alike. Additionally, its modular architecture facilitates customizable deployment in specific fields, ensuring it remains versatile and high-performing even in large-scale applications. With these enhancements, Llama 3.3 is poised to redefine the standards of AI language models.

Qwen2 represents a collection of extensive language models crafted by the Qwen team at Alibaba Cloud. This series encompasses a variety of models, including base and instruction-tuned versions, with parameters varying from 0.5 billion to an impressive 72 billion, showcasing both dense configurations and a Mixture-of-Experts approach. The Qwen2 series aims to outperform many earlier open-weight models, including its predecessor Qwen1.5, while also striving to hold its own against proprietary models across numerous benchmarks in areas such as language comprehension, generation, multilingual functionality, programming, mathematics, and logical reasoning. Furthermore, this innovative series is poised to make a significant impact in the field of artificial intelligence, offering enhanced capabilities for a diverse range of applications.

Aya represents a cutting-edge, open-source generative language model that boasts support for 101 languages, significantly surpassing the language capabilities of current open-source counterparts. By facilitating access to advanced language processing for a diverse array of languages and cultures that are often overlooked, Aya empowers researchers to explore the full potential of generative language models. In addition to the Aya model, we are releasing the largest dataset for multilingual instruction fine-tuning ever created, which includes 513 million entries across 114 languages. This extensive dataset features unique annotations provided by native and fluent speakers worldwide, thereby enhancing the ability of AI to cater to a wide range of global communities that have historically had limited access to such technology. Furthermore, the initiative aims to bridge the gap in AI accessibility, ensuring that even the most underserved languages receive the attention they deserve in the digital landscape.

Vicuna-13B is an open-source conversational agent developed through the fine-tuning of LLaMA, utilizing a dataset of user-shared dialogues gathered from ShareGPT. Initial assessments, with GPT-4 serving as an evaluator, indicate that Vicuna-13B achieves over 90% of the quality exhibited by OpenAI's ChatGPT and Google Bard, and it surpasses other models such as LLaMA and Stanford Alpaca in more than 90% of instances. The entire training process for Vicuna-13B incurs an estimated expenditure of approximately $300. Additionally, the source code and model weights, along with an interactive demonstration, are made available for public access under non-commercial terms, fostering a collaborative environment for further development and exploration. This openness encourages innovation and enables users to experiment with the model's capabilities in diverse applications.

Qwen3-Max represents Alibaba's cutting-edge large language model, featuring a staggering trillion parameters aimed at enhancing capabilities in tasks that require agency, coding, reasoning, and managing lengthy contexts. This model is an evolution of the Qwen3 series, leveraging advancements in architecture, training methods, and inference techniques; it integrates both thinker and non-thinker modes, incorporates a unique “thinking budget” system, and allows for dynamic mode adjustments based on task complexity. Capable of handling exceptionally lengthy inputs, processing hundreds of thousands of tokens, it also supports tool invocation and demonstrates impressive results across various benchmarks, including coding, multi-step reasoning, and agent evaluations like Tau2-Bench. While the initial version prioritizes instruction adherence in a non-thinking mode, Alibaba is set to introduce reasoning functionalities that will facilitate autonomous agent operations in the future. In addition to its existing multilingual capabilities and extensive training on trillions of tokens, Qwen3-Max is accessible through API interfaces that align seamlessly with OpenAI-style functionalities, ensuring broad usability across applications. This comprehensive framework positions Qwen3-Max as a formidable player in the realm of advanced artificial intelligence language models.

We present the Granite series of decoder-only code models specifically designed for tasks involving code generation, such as debugging, code explanation, and documentation, utilizing programming languages across a spectrum of 116 different types. An extensive assessment of the Granite Code model family across various tasks reveals that these models consistently achieve leading performance compared to other open-source code language models available today. Among the notable strengths of Granite Code models are: Versatile Code LLM: The Granite Code models deliver competitive or top-tier results across a wide array of code-related tasks, which include code generation, explanation, debugging, editing, translation, and beyond, showcasing their capacity to handle various coding challenges effectively. Additionally, their adaptability makes them suitable for both simple and complex coding scenarios. Reliable Enterprise-Grade LLM: All models in this series are developed using data that complies with licensing requirements and is gathered in alignment with IBM's AI Ethics guidelines, ensuring trustworthy usage for enterprise applications.

Training cutting-edge language models presents significant challenges; it demands vast computational resources, intricate distributed computing strategies, and substantial machine learning knowledge. Consequently, only a limited number of organizations embark on the journey of developing large language models (LLMs) from the ground up. Furthermore, many of those with the necessary capabilities and knowledge have begun to restrict access to their findings, indicating a notable shift from practices observed just a few months ago. At Cerebras, we are committed to promoting open access to state-of-the-art models. Therefore, we are excited to share with the open-source community the launch of Cerebras-GPT, which consists of a series of seven GPT models with parameter counts ranging from 111 million to 13 billion. Utilizing the Chinchilla formula for training, these models deliver exceptional accuracy while optimizing for computational efficiency. Notably, Cerebras-GPT boasts quicker training durations, reduced costs, and lower energy consumption compared to any publicly accessible model currently available. By releasing these models, we hope to inspire further innovation and collaboration in the field of machine learning.

AI21 Studio offers API access to its Jurassic-1 large language models, which enable robust text generation and understanding across numerous live applications. Tackle any language-related challenge with ease, as our Jurassic-1 models are designed to understand natural language instructions and can quickly adapt to new tasks with minimal examples. Leverage our targeted APIs for essential functions such as summarizing and paraphrasing, allowing you to achieve high-quality outcomes at a competitive price without starting from scratch. If you need to customize a model, fine-tuning is just three clicks away, with training that is both rapid and cost-effective, ensuring that your models are deployed without delay. Enhance your applications by integrating an AI co-writer to provide your users with exceptional capabilities. Boost user engagement and success with features that include long-form draft creation, paraphrasing, content repurposing, and personalized auto-completion options, ultimately enriching the overall user experience. Your application can become a powerful tool in the hands of every user.

Llama 4 Behemoth, with 288 billion active parameters, is Meta's flagship AI model, setting new standards for multimodal performance. Outpacing its predecessors like GPT-4.5 and Claude Sonnet 3.7, it leads the field in STEM benchmarks, offering cutting-edge results in tasks such as problem-solving and reasoning. Designed as the teacher model for the Llama 4 series, Behemoth drives significant improvements in model quality and efficiency through distillation. Although still in development, Llama 4 Behemoth is shaping the future of AI with its unparalleled intelligence, particularly in math, image, and multilingual tasks.

Recent breakthroughs in natural language processing, comprehension, and generation have been greatly influenced by the development of large language models. This research presents a system that employs Ascend 910 AI processors and the MindSpore framework to train a language model exceeding one trillion parameters, specifically 1.085 trillion, referred to as PanGu-{\Sigma}. This model enhances the groundwork established by PanGu-{\alpha} by converting the conventional dense Transformer model into a sparse format through a method known as Random Routed Experts (RRE). Utilizing a substantial dataset of 329 billion tokens, the model was effectively trained using a strategy called Expert Computation and Storage Separation (ECSS), which resulted in a remarkable 6.3-fold improvement in training throughput through the use of heterogeneous computing. Through various experiments, it was found that PanGu-{\Sigma} achieves a new benchmark in zero-shot learning across multiple downstream tasks in Chinese NLP, showcasing its potential in advancing the field. This advancement signifies a major leap forward in the capabilities of language models, illustrating the impact of innovative training techniques and architectural modifications.

GPT-4, or Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4, is a highly advanced unsupervised language model that is anticipated for release by OpenAI. As the successor to GPT-3, it belongs to the GPT-n series of natural language processing models and was developed using an extensive dataset comprising 45TB of text, enabling it to generate and comprehend text in a manner akin to human communication. Distinct from many conventional NLP models, GPT-4 operates without the need for additional training data tailored to specific tasks. It is capable of generating text or responding to inquiries by utilizing only the context it creates internally. Demonstrating remarkable versatility, GPT-4 can adeptly tackle a diverse array of tasks such as translation, summarization, question answering, sentiment analysis, and more, all without any dedicated task-specific training. This ability to perform such varied functions further highlights its potential impact on the field of artificial intelligence and natural language processing.

BERT is a significant language model that utilizes a technique for pre-training language representations. This pre-training process involves initially training BERT on an extensive dataset, including resources like Wikipedia. Once this foundation is established, the model can be utilized for diverse Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications, including tasks such as question answering and sentiment analysis. Additionally, by leveraging BERT alongside AI Platform Training, it becomes possible to train various NLP models in approximately half an hour, streamlining the development process for practitioners in the field. This efficiency makes it an appealing choice for developers looking to enhance their NLP capabilities.

GLM-4.1V is an advanced vision-language model that offers a robust and streamlined multimodal capability for reasoning and understanding across various forms of media, including images, text, and documents. The 9-billion-parameter version, known as GLM-4.1V-9B-Thinking, is developed on the foundation of GLM-4-9B and has been improved through a unique training approach that employs Reinforcement Learning with Curriculum Sampling (RLCS). This model accommodates a context window of 64k tokens and can process high-resolution inputs, supporting images up to 4K resolution with any aspect ratio, which allows it to tackle intricate tasks such as optical character recognition, image captioning, chart and document parsing, video analysis, scene comprehension, and GUI-agent workflows, including the interpretation of screenshots and recognition of UI elements. In benchmark tests conducted at the 10 B-parameter scale, GLM-4.1V-9B-Thinking demonstrated exceptional capabilities, achieving the highest performance on 23 out of 28 evaluated tasks. Its advancements signify a substantial leap forward in the integration of visual and textual data, setting a new standard for multimodal models in various applications.

MiniMax-M2.1 is a state-of-the-art open-source AI model built specifically for agent-based development and real-world automation. It focuses on delivering strong performance in coding, tool calling, and long-term task execution. Unlike closed models, MiniMax-M2.1 is fully transparent and can be deployed locally or integrated through APIs. The model excels in multilingual software engineering tasks and complex workflow automation. It demonstrates strong generalization across different agent frameworks and development environments. MiniMax-M2.1 supports advanced use cases such as autonomous coding, application building, and office task automation. Benchmarks show significant improvements over previous MiniMax versions. The model balances high reasoning ability with stability and control. Developers can fine-tune or extend it for specialized agent workflows. MiniMax-M2.1 empowers teams to build reliable AI agents without vendor lock-in.

Kimi K2 represents a cutting-edge series of open-source large language models utilizing a mixture-of-experts (MoE) architecture, with a staggering 1 trillion parameters in total and 32 billion activated parameters tailored for optimized task execution. Utilizing the Muon optimizer, it has been trained on a substantial dataset of over 15.5 trillion tokens, with its performance enhanced by MuonClip’s attention-logit clamping mechanism, resulting in remarkable capabilities in areas such as advanced knowledge comprehension, logical reasoning, mathematics, programming, and various agentic operations. Moonshot AI offers two distinct versions: Kimi-K2-Base, designed for research-level fine-tuning, and Kimi-K2-Instruct, which is pre-trained for immediate applications in chat and tool interactions, facilitating both customized development and seamless integration of agentic features. Comparative benchmarks indicate that Kimi K2 surpasses other leading open-source models and competes effectively with top proprietary systems, particularly excelling in coding and intricate task analysis. Furthermore, it boasts a generous context length of 128 K tokens, compatibility with tool-calling APIs, and support for industry-standard inference engines, making it a versatile option for various applications. The innovative design and features of Kimi K2 position it as a significant advancement in the field of artificial intelligence language processing.

Pre-trained language models have made significant strides, achieving top-tier performance across multiple Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. The impressive capabilities of GPT-3 highlight how increasing the scale of these models can unlock their vast potential. Recently, a comprehensive framework known as ERNIE 3.0 was introduced to pre-train large-scale models enriched with knowledge, culminating in a model boasting 10 billion parameters. This iteration of ERNIE 3.0 has surpassed the performance of existing leading models in a variety of NLP tasks. To further assess the effects of scaling, we have developed an even larger model called ERNIE 3.0 Titan, which consists of up to 260 billion parameters and is built on the PaddlePaddle platform. Additionally, we have implemented a self-supervised adversarial loss alongside a controllable language modeling loss, enabling ERNIE 3.0 Titan to produce texts that are both reliable and modifiable, thus pushing the boundaries of what these models can achieve. This approach not only enhances the model's capabilities but also opens new avenues for research in text generation and control.

Accelerate your shipping process by integrating seamlessly with our Python SDK or REST API in just a matter of minutes, without the need for any prior configurations or data formatting. You can hit the ground running as soon as you start receiving data and onboarding your initial customers. Our custom language models are meticulously designed to identify entities, perform real-time web crawling, and deliver optimal matches while assigning labels with remarkable accuracy, all in a significantly reduced timeframe. While many data enrichment models focus narrowly on specific markets—whether in the US or Europe, business or consumer—they often struggle to generalize and achieve results at a level comparable to human performance. In contrast, our solution allows you to harness the capabilities of the most extensive and efficient models globally, integrating them into your products with minimal investment of both time and resources. This ensures that you can not only keep pace but excel in today’s data-driven landscape.

PygmalionAI is a vibrant community focused on the development of open-source initiatives utilizing EleutherAI's GPT-J 6B and Meta's LLaMA models. Essentially, Pygmalion specializes in crafting AI tailored for engaging conversations and roleplaying. The actively maintained Pygmalion AI model currently features the 7B variant, derived from Meta AI's LLaMA model. Requiring a mere 18GB (or even less) of VRAM, Pygmalion demonstrates superior chat functionality compared to significantly larger language models, all while utilizing relatively limited resources. Our meticulously assembled dataset, rich in high-quality roleplaying content, guarantees that your AI companion will be the perfect partner for roleplaying scenarios. Both the model weights and the training code are entirely open-source, allowing you the freedom to modify and redistribute them for any purpose you desire. Generally, language models, such as Pygmalion, operate on GPUs, as they require swift memory access and substantial processing power to generate coherent text efficiently. As a result, users can expect a smooth and responsive interaction experience when employing Pygmalion's capabilities.

OpenAI's o1 series introduces a new generation of AI models specifically developed to enhance reasoning skills. Among these models are o1-preview and o1-mini, which utilize an innovative reinforcement learning technique that encourages them to dedicate more time to "thinking" through various problems before delivering solutions. This method enables the o1 models to perform exceptionally well in intricate problem-solving scenarios, particularly in fields such as coding, mathematics, and science, and they have shown to surpass earlier models like GPT-4o in specific benchmarks. The o1 series is designed to address challenges that necessitate more profound cognitive processes, representing a pivotal advancement toward AI systems capable of reasoning in a manner similar to humans. As it currently stands, the series is still undergoing enhancements and assessments, reflecting OpenAI's commitment to refining these technologies further. The continuous development of the o1 models highlights the potential for AI to evolve and meet more complex demands in the future.

GPT4All represents a comprehensive framework designed for the training and deployment of advanced, tailored large language models that can operate efficiently on standard consumer-grade CPUs. Its primary objective is straightforward: to establish itself as the leading instruction-tuned assistant language model that individuals and businesses can access, share, and develop upon without restrictions. Each GPT4All model ranges between 3GB and 8GB in size, making it easy for users to download and integrate into the GPT4All open-source software ecosystem. Nomic AI plays a crucial role in maintaining and supporting this ecosystem, ensuring both quality and security while promoting the accessibility for anyone, whether individuals or enterprises, to train and deploy their own edge-based language models. The significance of data cannot be overstated, as it is a vital component in constructing a robust, general-purpose large language model. To facilitate this, the GPT4All community has established an open-source data lake, which serves as a collaborative platform for contributing valuable instruction and assistant tuning data, thereby enhancing future training efforts for models within the GPT4All framework. This initiative not only fosters innovation but also empowers users to engage actively in the development process.

CodeQwen serves as the coding counterpart to Qwen, which is a series of large language models created by the Qwen team at Alibaba Cloud. Built on a transformer architecture that functions solely as a decoder, this model has undergone extensive pre-training using a vast dataset of code. It showcases robust code generation abilities and demonstrates impressive results across various benchmarking tests. With the capacity to comprehend and generate long contexts of up to 64,000 tokens, CodeQwen accommodates 92 programming languages and excels in tasks such as text-to-SQL queries and debugging. Engaging with CodeQwen is straightforward—you can initiate a conversation with just a few lines of code utilizing transformers. The foundation of this interaction relies on constructing the tokenizer and model using pre-existing methods, employing the generate function to facilitate dialogue guided by the chat template provided by the tokenizer. In alignment with our established practices, we implement the ChatML template tailored for chat models. This model adeptly completes code snippets based on the prompts it receives, delivering responses without the need for any further formatting adjustments, thereby enhancing the user experience. The seamless integration of these elements underscores the efficiency and versatility of CodeQwen in handling diverse coding tasks.

We are excited to announce the launch of Phi-2, a language model featuring 2.7 billion parameters that excels in reasoning and language comprehension, achieving top-tier results compared to other base models with fewer than 13 billion parameters. In challenging benchmarks, Phi-2 competes with and often surpasses models that are up to 25 times its size, a feat made possible by advancements in model scaling and meticulous curation of training data. Due to its efficient design, Phi-2 serves as an excellent resource for researchers interested in areas such as mechanistic interpretability, enhancing safety measures, or conducting fine-tuning experiments across a broad spectrum of tasks. To promote further exploration and innovation in language modeling, Phi-2 has been integrated into the Azure AI Studio model catalog, encouraging collaboration and development within the research community. Researchers can leverage this model to unlock new insights and push the boundaries of language technology.

OpenELM is a family of open-source language models created by Apple. By employing a layer-wise scaling approach, it effectively distributes parameters across the transformer model's layers, resulting in improved accuracy when compared to other open language models of a similar scale. This model is trained using datasets that are publicly accessible and is noted for achieving top-notch performance relative to its size. Furthermore, OpenELM represents a significant advancement in the pursuit of high-performing language models in the open-source community.

Code Llama is an advanced language model designed to generate code through text prompts, distinguishing itself as a leading tool among publicly accessible models for coding tasks. This innovative model not only streamlines workflows for existing developers but also aids beginners in overcoming challenges associated with learning to code. Its versatility positions Code Llama as both a valuable productivity enhancer and an educational resource, assisting programmers in creating more robust and well-documented software solutions. Additionally, users can generate both code and natural language explanations by providing either type of prompt, making it an adaptable tool for various programming needs. Available for free for both research and commercial applications, Code Llama is built upon Llama 2 architecture and comes in three distinct versions: the foundational Code Llama model, Code Llama - Python which is tailored specifically for Python programming, and Code Llama - Instruct, optimized for comprehending and executing natural language directives effectively.