Best Layer 2 Protocols of 2024

Early internet applications were built on separate networks that required different access and interaction methods. Today, we see this segregation again in a decentralized world with poor interoperability. Nervos Network provides a suite integrated solutions that enable developers to create Universal Apps. You can choose your interface, choose your crypto, and then stick with it. However, you can still access the entire space. Nervos eliminates the frustration of multiple wallets and exchanges as well as seed phrases. Nervos allows you to target any Virtual Machines (VM) and build on it. You can easily port your dApp to other platforms and have instant access to the entire Blockchain ecosystem. Sustainable crypto-economics that includes a built-in store-of-value mechanism to solve the most difficult sustainability problems for public blockchains.

Connext is the most popular protocol for fast, fully custodial transfers and contract calling between EVM-compatible system. Connext is a network that connects liquidity pools on different chains. These pools can be swapped by users, much like AMM DEXes such as Uniswap. Connext routers are the backbone of the network. They provide liquidity for user swaps and earn fees in return. Connext can be used by developers to create seamless crosschain experiences. Simply drop-in our Widget and you can enable crosschain swaps in just five minutes. Integrate with our API at a lower level for even more powerful features, such as crosschain contract calls.

StarkEx generates validity verifications to ensure that only valid data is committed on-chain from computations that have been performed with integrity. StarkEx's huge scaling capabilities are due to the uneven division of computation between the off-chain prover (or on-chain verifier). StarkEx powers self custodial dApps and employs innovative anticensorship mechanisms that ensure that users' funds remain in their custody. StarkEx was designed to meet a wide range of user and application requirements. Applications that want to integrate with StarkEx will arrive on Mainnet in a few weeks, depending on their maturity. State updates can be considered finalized once they have been verified on-chain with validity proofs. This is often quicker than fraud proofs which can take up to a few hours.

Boba is the next-generation Ethereum Layer 2 Optimizmistic Rollup scaling solution. It reduces gas fees, increases transaction throughput, and expands smart contract capabilities. Boba provides fast exits backed with community-driven liquidity pools. This reduces the Optimistic Rollup exit time from seven days to just a few minutes and gives LPs incentive yield farming opportunities. Boba's extensible smart contract will allow developers from all over the Ethereum ecosystem to create dApps that invoke code on web-scale infrastructure like AWS Lambda. This allows them to use algorithms that are too expensive or impossible on-chain. We are building Boba with our users and developers in mind. Our goal is to create a pragmatic L2 which is the first step towards opening Ethereum up to the next billion users. Join us in our mission to grow the community.

Blockchain-powered smart contracts cannot be accessed from the internet and are therefore isolated from the rest of the world. The smart contract's computation is also extremely expensive and limited in resource capacity. A Decentralized Oracle service supporting multiple heterogeneous blockchains. DOS Network provides real-world data, event, and computation power to smart contract in a secure and reliable way that is scalable, efficient, and scalable. Many scenarios, such as flight delay insurance, can be automatically indemnified by DOS Network by bringing externally insured events to the onchain insurance contract. To obtain reliable and verifiable price feeds for stablecoins or crypto derivatives, DOS Network must be used frequently. DOS Network allows crypto lending platforms to easily access token exchange rates, import borrower's social media data, and instantly determine interest rates.

DAppChain, TRON's sidechain project, is called DAppChain. DApps can now operate on TRON with lower energy consumption and faster speeds. This will allow for unlimited capacity for TRON’s main network. The sidechain uses the same DPoS consensus as the mainchain. It supports smart contracts, as well as almost all the functions of the mainchain. TRON users can easily adapt the sidechain to their needs. Developers can migrate existing DApps or create new ones on the sidechain. DAppChain is committed providing ecosystem participants with a flexible, well-configured and highly customized network of multiple sideschains. This is another characteristic of each sidechain in DAppChain. Sidechains can consume much less resources than the main chain. The cost of resources consumed on the sidechain is only a fraction that of the mainchain transaction.

Openness is the key to the new internet of money. However, it comes at a high cost. All your counterparts have access to your entire financial history. Aztec, the ultimate security shield for the internet money, protects user and business data on Web3.0. Cryptographic anonymity hides sender and receiver identities. Your crypto balances are kept private by encryption of transaction amounts. Network observers cannot see the asset or service to which a transaction belongs. Our world-class cryptography team created PLONK, the superfast standard for universal SNARK technology that Aztec uses. Private transactions can be done on any device in seconds. Our rollup service saves gas, and settles in minutes. You can fund and manage your DeFi positions anonymously and trade them within the Aztec privacy shield. Your imagination is limitless when it comes to private money, escrows, money streaming, micropayments and other forms of private money.

A cluster (or constellation) is a group of 5-19 auditor servers and one leading server (alpha). Each party confirms its identity publicly with a Stellar ed25519 publickey. It is important to send public keys to clients with client software so that they can be signed directly on the client's side. Client funds are stored in one Stellar account (vault), which is protected by M-ofN multi-sig. N is the total number independent servers that make up a constellation and M is the majority vote (>50%) plus 1. Any withdrawal operation must have the majority of signatures from all quorum participants. This is guaranteed by the underlying Stellar ledger. Trades and payments with instant confirmation and finality of 5 seconds.

Earn by investing in Ethereum's first private computer. Keep is the best way for you to support a truly decentralized network. The public blockchain will have a privacy-focused infrastructure. The Keep network allows private data without compromising confidentiality to be used on public protocols. Keep is the only protocol truly decentralized. "Keeps" are offchain containers that allow contracts access to private data without having it exposed to the public blockchain. The Keep network stores data at the highest encryption level. Keep and tBTC were audited by the most powerful firms in the ecosystem. To earn rewards and secure Keep, learn more about how to stake on the network. Keep is a privacy layer which allows private data to be leveraged in public blockchains without compromising security and confidentiality. Keep is the network behind tBTC (the first secure and decentralized tokenized Bitcoin on Ethereum).

Perun is an offchain framework that supports real time payments and complex business logic. It can also supercharge any existing blockchain. Perun allows people to connect across multiple blockchains. It also allows interoperability among different currencies and blockchain networks. Layer-2-Technology allows for massively increased throughput and instant transactions. Virtual channel technology is able to keep your transaction data confidential and is continuously proven secure to ensure state-of-the art procedures. Perun supports payments via NFC and Bluetooth without the need for an active internet connection. State Channels are the first component of Perun’s off-chain framework. State Channels enable users to perform large transactions off-chain while the security is provided by the underlying blockchain. Our protocols have been tested using cutting-edge cryptographic research methods.

Hermez is an open-source ZK-Rollup that allows for token transfers using Ethereum's wings. It is secure, low-cost, and usable. Hermez seamlessly integrates with the Ethereum ecosystem and allows for low-cost token transfers to create an inclusive economy. High throughput, cost-effective token swaps and transfers. Open-source and decentralized architecture. Secure transactions require computational integrity. Zero-knowledge technology reduces transfer costs, making it easier to access financial services for mainstream adoption. Zero-knowledge-proof technology ensures computation integrity and on-chain data availability while also preserving the public blockchain properties. Hermez's mission to create a secure, resilient, and highly efficient payment network for the next generation digital currencies is to ensure that everyone has the freedom of transacting.

Astar Network is a Web3.0-compatible, scalable infrastructure. Astar Network was built with Parity’s Substrate framework. It can also be a future Polkadot Parachain that acts as a scalable smart contracts platform. Smart contracts are not supported by the Polkadot Relaychain. This gives Astar the chance to fill this gap. Scalability is a key requirement for dApp developers. Astar Network allows developers to build any application they want without having to think about its scalability. Astar Network is open-source. There are many opportunities to be involved in our ecosystem. Astar Network is an open source project that anyone can contribute to, develop, or modify. Astar Network's mission it to provide a scalable, interoperable and decentralized application platform that defines the new web, Web3.0.

Substrate allows you to create Ethereum-compatible smart contract in popular programming languages and run them much more quickly. Open source, decentralized business model that is funded by developer treasuries from participating blockchains. ParaState's Ewasm VM, or the Parallel SSVM, will work with all existing Ethereum smart contract without any modifications. ParaState supports 20+ programming languages that allow developers to create Ethereum-compatible smart contract. There are many examples, including generic programming languages like Solidity, Fe and Rust and JavaScript. Also, there are domain-specific languages (DSLs), such as MOVE and DeepSEA. Substrate-based Blockchains like Polkadot parachains already have a higher TPS (transactions/second) than Ethereum. Compute performance is more important than throughput for a smart contract platform. ParaState is a great platform for smart contracts.

The DAPP Network is built on top of base-layer protocol protocols and is the first universal middleware that can bridge multiple blockchains. It offers developers a range of powerful services that allow them to deploy on multiple blockchains, speed up their development milestones, and deliver products that solve real user issues. The DAPP Token's first use is to improve RAM, a resource that stores data. Manages the DAPP Tokens stakes that are required to access the vRAM System. Today's DAPP developers are limited in their efforts to develop on EOS due to the difficulty of paying RAM RAM is required to meet costs and/or their dApps.

Verse is a censorship-resistant, front-running resistant, high performance interconnected cloud that can be used for next gen DeFi and DAO. Our ecosystem can track more valuable data with less governance cost than DAOs on ETH. Record on-chain governance activities. Also, bring off-chain social participation information on-chain using native forums and other social media. STPT Holders can vote on key proposals within the ecosystem. These fees are used to pay for smart contract execution and transaction gas. Adjusting the price curve, collateralization ratio functions, and other parameters such as different asset weightings. Verse provides a full suite of native tools, infrastructure, and other tools that facilitate decentralized decision-making for users and communities.

Movr Network is open! We believe that the future is multi-L2 and that cross-L2 transactions are a major part of this future. These transactions are expensive, slow and difficult to execute. Movr provides cross L2 interoperability infrastructure to dApps. Dapps can build on top Movr to enable any type of cross-L2 transaction. Swap DAI on Arbitrum to get ETH on Polygon Aave on Optimism allows you to deposit collateral and borrow from Aave for Arbitrum. Multi-L2 Yearn strategies in which the vault optimizes for yields from protocols across all L2s, and not just one L2. Movr is a single point of contact for dApps to communicate with any L2. Movr offers 2 products that allow cross-L2 interaction. Data Movr is a platform that allows you to quickly and cost-effectively build cross-domain bridges. It removes the complexities of cross-domain messaging and allows developers to create truly multi-L2 apps.

Coinweb solves the biggest problems in blockchain technology. We are making blockchain technology more accessible, collaborative, and better connected. Distributed ledger technology (DLT), is distributed across multiple blockchains and systems. Coinweb unites blockchains, closes the gaps between solutions, and integrates new technical advances to the space. It's a secure, fast and reliable solution to the most pressing blockchain issues. It all runs on Coinweb’s Inchain architecture.

StarkNet's L2 money-market protocol, zkLend, is built on StarkNet. It combines zk-rollup scaleability, superior transaction speeds, cost savings, and Ethereum's security. The protocol offers two solutions: a permissioned and compliance-focused service for institutional clients and a permissionless service to DeFi users. This is all without sacrificing decentralization. zkLend believes that true decentralized finance must be built upon chains that are not only fast, cheap, and scalable, but also secure, decentralized, and secure. zkLend was built on the belief that Ethereum is the best decentralized solution. zk is also the only technology that can scale without compromising the unique properties that make Ethereum so special. StarkNet's L2 money-market protocol, zkLend, is built on StarkNet. It combines zk-rollup scaleability, superior transaction speeds, cost savings, and Ethereum's security. Users will be able deposit their assets into a reserve fund, which will provide liquidity to all money markets.

Our high-performance Ethereum layer-2 architecture, built on a modular architecture, allows you to build dApps that offer an exceptional user experience, while still relying upon Ethereum's unrivaled level of security. With Ethereum's rollup technology, you can enjoy high throughput and unrivaled safety in a familiar EVM. Mantle Liquidity Staking Protocol is the second core of Mantle ecosystem. Stake ETH to receive yield-bearing Mantle Staked Ether (mETH). As stewards over a significant treasury and with the ability to shape economic outcomes for Mantle products we prioritize a value oriented mindset, transparency and accountability.

You can trade up to 50x leverage from your wallet. Earn USDC or FUSDT by staking your stablecoins. Tomb Chain, an eco-friendly protocol, is built on Fantom's fastest blockchain. You can transfer your stablecoins from other chains to Fantom using Multichain or Felix Exchange. This website makes it much easier to stake and earn on DeFi than going into the exchange yourself. You must confirm a transaction in order to use the stablecoin. Then you can choose the amount to deposit. Once you have entered the amount that you wish to deposit, confirm another transaction in your wallet. You can then deposit your stables on this website to compound your farming experience.

SX's goal is simple: we want to reduce betting costs from 4,8% to 0.5%. This is a 10x increase in odds compared to the industry standard. This means that a $100 bet with a 50-50 result will pay you $99, which is a 10% increase in payout. SX Network is an online betting exchange where users can both place and accept bets. This is different than traditional sportsbooks, where users can only accept bets from the company that runs the site. This peer-topeer betting model offers better odds and eliminates the ability for owners to exploit users to profit. SX Bet was built on a custom EVM-compatible Blockchain, making it the world's first fully integrated betting app chain. SX treats sports betting as a financial market, where you can win and not a casino, where you only lose. SX tokens are earned every time a user wins.

The only Ethereum L2 that offers native yields for ETH and stablecoins. Blast's yield is derived from ETH staking protocols and RWA protocols. Blast users receive the yield from these decentralized protocols automatically. The default interest rate for other L2s are 0%. As contributors, our goal is to grow the economy on-chain with the highest-yielding L2. Members of the community who join us in our mission will be eligible to receive the Blast Airdrop. Blast was only made possible this year after Ethereum's Shanghai upgrade. The ETH yield generated by L1 stake, originally Lido, will be automatically transferred to the users through rebasing Ethereum on L2.

Manta Pacific uses Celestia, a modified OP-stack and a modified OP-stack to deliver a cutting edge technical infrastructure that offers extraordinary scalability with low gas fees. Manta Pacific, in conjunction with its universal circuits and ZK applications, provides an unrivaled platform for developing and deploying dApps and ZK apps. Apps deployed on Manta deliver the best user experience and value, from DeFi to gaming to Social. The Manta grants program is designed for users to explore and grow valuable use cases that solve real-world pain points. Manta Network’s zkSBTs enable users to verify without revealing any details in a decentralized, trustless manner. zkSBTs, such as the zkBAB or zkGalxe Passports, provide a seamless KYC verification on-chain without the need to scan passports and enter sensitive personal information.

Scroll was designed by and for Ethereum Developers. Scroll is a fast, reliable, and scalable Layer 2 Blockchain that extends Ethereum capabilities. This allows apps to scale without surprises. Existing Ethereum apps can be migrated to Scroll at a significant cost reduction thanks to bytecode compatibility. Our open-source development approach brings together the best ideas from contributors who share similar values, resulting in more secure and better designed systems. Scroll is a community-driven initiative that redefines and evolves Ethereum's roadmap. Scroll uses advanced EVM models that have been battle-tested, as well as rigorous audits, to ensure our foundation is rooted firmly in security and reliability. Scroll protects its developers and users from vulnerabilities by prioritizing code safety through open source collaboration.

Merlin Chain will bring innovations and utilities to Layer2 with native Layer1 assets. Merlin Chain is an EVM compatible chain that offers low fees, high scalability and ensures rapid transaction processing. Merlin Chain supports popular Bitcoin protocol such as BRC20 and BRC420. It also supports Bitmap, Atomicals Pipe, Stamp, Bitmap, Atomicals and many more. This allows a larger user base to interact with Bitcoin Layer2. Merlin Chain has implemented ZK Rollup to increase efficiency and scale. Sequencer nodes are responsible for managing data transmission through decentralized Oracles. This ensures transparency and security. Merlin Chain is committed to community-driven native innovation on Layer2, and to delivering unique solutions for the Bitcoin network.