Best Web-Based Layer 1 Protocols of 2025

ICON is a protocol for blockchain-based decentralized applications. It is an aggregator chain that achieves interoperability. This creates a web of interconnected networks that aggregate all blockchain data into a single layer. We want to create a new world where everyone connects and builds their own communities. That's what ICON will do. Learn more about the ICON Republic, its cryptocurrency, ICX. You can build on one of the fastest-growing decentralized networks in the world. Learn how to launch your idea on ICON. To ensure growth of the ICON ecosystem and your staked ICX, it is important to delegate to P-Reps who add value to it. ICON currently has one of the highest rewards in blockchain staking. Official wallet to manage tokens on ICON Network. Vote and get rewarded easily MyIconWallet, ICON's Wallet that supports ICX and other cryptocurrencies, is called MyIconWallet. Our decentralized network allows independent blockchains of different governances to transact directly with each other without intermediaries.

Elastos is the leading provider of open-source solutions in the world. It uses not only blockchain technology but also a peer to peer network for communication, decentralized data storage and a decentralized ID system that allows all users to access their digital assets. The official Elastos essentials super-wallet application offers full management support for your digital identity and contacts, decentralized storage as well as token spending, voting, smart contract operations, and token spending. RPC Crypto wallet with interoperability and swapping. Smart contract operations are associated with the Elastos Smart Contract Chain. Our platform is called the Elastos SmartWeb. Although we are located all over the world, we share the belief that the Elastos SmartWeb can change the world. Each platform component offers unique features and services that attract developers and users to Elastos.

Waves is a community-based open-source stack of decentralized technologies that allows you to create scalable and user-friendly apps. Waves includes everything you need to launch a successful Blockchain game. The algorithmic price-stable assetsization protocol allows the creation of stablecoins that are tied to specific real-world assets such as commodities or national currencies. Waves is an open-source global platform for decentralized applications. Waves is based on proof-ofstake consensus and aims to make the most out of blockchain with a low carbon footprint. Waves technology stack is able to benefit from any use case that requires security and decentralization, open financial, personal identification and gaming, sensitive data, and many other. Waves technology is supported by Waves Association, a Berlin-based non profit organization that supports Waves research, education and grants Waves stack-based projects.

Telos is the ideal network to use in real-world situations across multiple industries. Telos-based Tokens NFTs and Smart Contracts can be used for DeFi, gaming, and social media, amongst many other real-world uses. Telos is home to over 100 projects. Top brands use Telos Blockchain to conduct real-world activities such as transparent hackathon judging or payments through Taikai. Telos natively runs eosio C++ smart contract technology. The most popular decentralized stack for high-throughput decentralized applications. Telos will be the first EVM compatible blockchain built on eosio. Telos EVM is the fastest DeFi available. Deploy and manage your Ethereum Apps with it. Join thousands of users and hundreds of developers who choose Telos. To ensure safety and security, the chain will be protected by economic and geographic decentralization. Community support, including the Telos Works proposal system as well as grant making for new project ideas.

Ontology supports identity authentication as well as data collaboration between vehicles, users, and third parties. Only the owner can access, use and store data. A number of cryptographic algorithms have been implemented through the Ontology Trust Framework, Self-Sovereign Data Storage to protect user identity as well as data privacy security. Every data exchange operation needs authorization. Authorization protocols and cryptographic algorithms can be used to achieve selective exchange. Blockchain can be used to trace, authorize and authenticate personal data. We integrate TEE technology in some cases to support data processing and analysis without privacy disclosure. It is time to take back control of your digital identity. ONT ID allows you to take control of your private data. You control when and if your data is available to others.

Decred employs an innovative hybrid proof-of-work/proof-of-stake system that layers security and carefully aligns incentives. This system combines the best of both worlds. However, it is more costly to attack than proof-of work or proof-of stake. Decred's governance systems give its community formal rights to make consensus changes, manage project-level decisions, and grant them formal rights. These systems allow Decred to be flexible, allowing it adapt to the needs of its stakeholders, resist forks, and incorporate new technology over time. Decred continues to fund its treasury by paying 10% of each block reward. It also employs a flexible contractor structure that allows contributors to be compensated for their work. Decred is a self-funded autonomous decentralized organization that is sustainable. You can vote on four new consensus changes using DCRDEX within Decrediton. Upgrade to 1.7 now!

Europechain is a GDPR-supporting enterprise blockchain platform that is managed and governed in the European Union by experienced validators. Nearly all blockchains available on the market pose significant risks to European regulations. Our team designed a blockchain solution specifically for European Union businesses. Distributed Ledger Technology offers the best way to verify and audit information securely without the need of intermediaries. Europechain offers all these benefits without the risks associated public blockchain networks. A blockchain doesn't need to be slow or expensive. Our team has created a hybrid between public and private networks by using the most recent in high-performance blockchain software. Our solutions do not compromise the security and scalability that are so important for enterprise businesses.

The Topl Blockchain is transparent and secure, scalable and flexible, affordable, 10 million times more efficient than early blockchains, and the best tool to maximize the impact of your work. Topl is a technology economy that makes a difference in the way the world does business. Why? Big solutions are needed to address the big problems of today. We empower startups, corporations, and non-profits to unlock the potential of their positive global impact. Our secret sauce? The Topl Blockchain is the first blockchain designed for transaction, tokenization, impact tracking and tokenization. New data capture techniques. New storytelling capabilities. Digitalization and new smart assets. New markets. The Topl blockchain is used to create new economies. Topl is the most prominent impact monetization engine in the world. ESG initiatives, global crises solutions, and UN sustainable development goals all have an impact.

Qtum, an open-source public blockchain platform, leverages the security of UTXO and enables multiple virtual machines including EVM. Qtum is PoS-based and features a Decentralized Governance Protocol, (DGP), which allows specific blockchain settings to change through smart contracts. Qtum's block size can be increased without the necessity of a hard fork. Qtum is a safe, stable, and standardised development environment for smart contract development. It allows business-friendly smart contracts coding, deployment, and execution. Qtum is a decentralized platform that can be used with existing blockchain infrastructure. It is modularized, so new technology can always been added. Qtum supports a wide range of crypto wallets that can be used to meet different user needs. Qtum also offers mature development resources for app and blockchain development.

The xx network is the first and only privacy-focused and quantum-resistant blockchain ecosystem. Now available the ultra-secure messaging app, xx messenger. The blockchain of the future is now available. It is the only Layer One protocol that is protected against quantum computing attacks. The first and only messenger app that protects communication between sender & receiver. All messages are encrypted from the beginning to the end, and no metadata is ever gathered. Powered by the xx network. A new digital currency that is easy to use. It is the most secure and easily-useable digital currency currently available. All user activity is kept private by xx messenger. No tracking, profiling, or surveillance. End-to-end encryption is included, of course. Introducing xx messenger. Imagine a world in which no one can read your messages or sell your data. It is low-cost, quantum-ready and metadata-protected. To protect against next-gen threats, a next-gen currency.

Our network offers world-class features that allow users to send and receive digital payment quickly, safely, securely, and securely. Our vergePay apps powered by blockchain technology simplify digital payments. We are proud to be open-source. Our project is entirely run by volunteers and dedicated individuals who want to make a positive impact in the world. Verge offers the security of blockchain-based payment to everyday users through easy-to use software that is tailored to real-life applications and needs. Verge is an easy-to use platform that allows everyday users to transact quickly and efficiently over a blockchain-based network. Verge is well-positioned for mass adoption because of its low fees, fast transactions, high volume and support across multiple platforms. Our mission is to empower people all over the world through the integration of blockchain transactions into daily life.

Fluence is a decentralized platform that enables digital innovation through peer-to-peer applications. Fluence is an open-source platform that is permissionless and decentralized. It also includes a development toolkit to help you build, host, and manage peer-to-peer protocols and applications. Create peer-to-peer software that doesn't rely on proprietary cloud services. Fluence network executes applications with no coordination center, eliminating the possibility of failure and censorship. Nodes only run applications that they are interested or that are commercially viable. All computations are protected with cryptography, and data is not leaked to untrusted peers. The network supports a variety of computing providers, hardware, as well as available services. Use Web 3 to harness the power of Web 3 and connect your Fluence application with decentralized storage, identity, on-chain smart contract, and onchain smart contracts. Full-featured apps can be created with community-built integrations to Web 3 network.

Combining private and public networks provides high throughput, scalability and reliability of solutions as well as data confidentiality and immutability. Waves Enterprise offers support, consulting, and deployment services. For quick deployment in a corporate environment, Waves Enterprise offers off-the-shelf solutions. Ability to create enterprise-grade solutions that are fail-proof. Smart contracts can be built in any programming language and of any complexity. Innovative tools for system monitoring and adjustment. Confidential data exchange between authorized participants. All regulatory requirements met. Waves Enterprise is a hybrid Blockchain that combines the best of both private and public permissioned technologies. A solution can be implemented on either a private or public network, depending on the requirements of the customer. A hybrid model can be used to provide additional privacy and security for data storage.

Only decentralized network that allows you to build quickly, rewards everyone who makes it better and scales without friction. A DeFi programming environment specifically designed to enable secure and fast development. A system of on-ledger royalty payments that will be paid to those who contribute dApp code. A consensus algorithm that will allow for unlimited scaling without compromising DeFi composability. Radix is the only network that allows developers to quickly build without being constantly threatened by exploits and hacks. Every improvement will be rewarded and scale will not be a problem. Radix is creating an open platform that allows for the safe and secure development of all DeFi applications. Radix's network is dependent on stakeholder participation. The network will be more secure if there is more value staked.

Dogecoin, an open-source peer to peer digital currency, is favored by Shiba Inus around the world. Dogecoin can only be used if you sync with the blockchain. MultiDoge is a lightweight wallet. It syncs with blockchain by "skimming" the blockchain, allowing for fast sync times. Dogecoin Core is a "full-featured" wallet. It syncs by downloading the app, giving you a reliable Dogecoin wallet. Dogecoin is different from other digital currencies because it has a vibrant community of friendly people just like you. Dogecoin's friendly, playful mascot is "Doge". Dogecoin's mascot, Dogecoin's Shiba Inu, is a Japanese breed dog. A wallet is used to store your Dogecoins on your computer/smartphone. There are many ways to obtain Dogecoin. You can trade for them, buy them, tip them, "mine" them and many other ways to get Dogecoin. They are amazing!

In an age of "everything online", currencies are still outdated. It's more cost-effective to pay in cash than using banks, Alipay, PayPal, or Alipay. COTI is the first fintech platform for enterprises that allows organizations to create their own payment solutions and digitize any currency to save money and time. COTI processes more than 100,000 transactions per second (compared to 25,000 in traditional payment systems, and up to 20 times per second in common blockchain protocols). COTI's user- and merchant-facing tools make it extremely simple to use. COTI is the first ever dispute resolution system that protects users from fraud, errors, and counterparty abuse. COTI eliminates intermediaries and removes the need to mine, which dramatically reduces energy consumption and costs. COTI is developing price stability technology that is essential for widespread adoption of blockchain payments. COTI's technology speeds up transactions, P2P payments and remittances, rather than taking hours.

IOST is a secure, fast, and scalable blockchain network that uses the next-generation consensus algorithm, Proof of Believability (PoB). Our mission is to serve as the underlying architecture for online services that meet security and scaleability requirements of a decentralized economy. We are backed by top investors and led by seasoned experts. Due to the high fees and slower transaction times on Ethereum, there has been room for new solutions. IOST is the pioneering project that has gained traction for its revolutionary technology since its main net launch in 2018. According to the latest ranking by China's Center for Information and Industry Development, IOST's core technology, a decentralized, high-throughput blockchain, outperforms 37 of its high-profile rivals, EOS and Ethereum by more than 5x. You can build any application using IOST with a 0.5 block time and 8,000 TPS without worrying about the speed.

aelf is the most secure and advanced blockchain cloud infrastructure, with segregate, unlimitedly scaling cloud computing networks. This is leading to a decentralized future. Innovative cross-chain interoperability, multi-level main-side chain structure; unlimited scaling, leading to Blockchain 3.0 era with its unique cross-chain technology. This public beta testnet allows you to test the core functions of the Aelf main network, node construction and election, mining rewards and sidechain configuration, crosschain interaction, DApp deployment and more. The complete suite of application development tools to support the underlying decentralized blockchain layers. Aelf community members are involved in building the aelf ecosystem and achieving progressive development through various governance methods like the aelf DAO (Decentralized Asset Owner), Node Election, Resource Purchase, Proposals, and Proposals.

Obyte is a distributed ledger that uses the directed acyclic diagram (DAG) as its basis. Access to the Obyte ledger, unlike centralized ledgers or blockchains, is decentralized, open, free, disintermediated, equal, and free of charge (as in freedom), unlike centralized ledgers or blockchains. Bonded Stablecoins allows you to create stablecoins that are pegged to USD and BTC or to issue new stablecoins that are pegged to any other asset, or index. You can earn interest by holding Stable+ coins, which programmatically increase in value. 16% p.a. USD Governance tokens, whose value increases with the issuance of more stable+ coins. To trade tokens on Obyte, use ODEX decentralized exchange and Oswap automated marketplace maker. ODEX uses offchain order matching and is just as fast as a central exchange. Oswap is a way to earn fees and liquidity from every trade. Obyte allows you the ability to make conditional payments, something that traditional currencies don't allow. When the money is received by the payee, you set a condition.

DERO is a decentralized, general-purpose, private and scalable application platform. It allows developers to create powerful and unstoppable apps, while users keep total control over their assets and maintain complete privacy. The blockchain does not decrypt account balances or data. Only account owners have the ability to decrypt and access their data. We are now in a new paradigm for data privacy. DERO was developed in Golang from scratch and is currently being developed by the original developers. It is not a fork or any other coin. DERO is a homomorphically encrypted protocol, which can be used to serve individuals and businesses around the world. It allows for anonymous transactions, smart contracts and other service models. DERO Project provides a platform that allows developers to create secure, open, scalable and privacy-preserving decentralized apps. DERO is unique in that we value privacy and security above all else.

A breakthrough concurrent computational system that unlocks the blockchain. RChain is a pioneer in transparent and secure transactions using a global-scale technology platform that is ultra-fast. RChain is a public utility that can be used to address climate change, data security, and other issues we face collectively. RChain achieves superior scalability, speed and efficiency through intelligent concurrency across the network and right-sized validation for every transaction. Transactions are now executed at lower execution costs and with greater efficiency. RChain's decentralized architecture design doesn't compromise security to achieve scale. Rholang, RChain’s contract programming language allows developers to write for concurrency as well as formal verify all processes. RChain is a completely open-source project. The RChain ecosystem is enhanced and enriched by the contributions of its members.

We believe that blockchain innovations don't have to be at the expense or user experience. Vite was created to ensure Web3 apps run as fast and free as their Web2 counterparts. Vite is a lightning fast smart contract network that charges zero fees for transactions. ViteBridge is a cross-chain transfer protocol that bridges all blockchains. It is decentralized and generic. ViteBridge will enable unconstrained exchange of information and value among heterogeneous ecosystems. It will also push our industry towards greater openness and interoperability. ViteX is the first decentralized exchange built on DAG. It is a cross-chain DEX offering a smooth, secure, and fast trading experience with zero fees. Trade and earn VX tokens simultaneously. VX speakers receive 100% of all trading fees on the platform. List your trading pairs permissionless. No KYC. Your information will only be with you.

Dusk Network is a technology that allows for securities. A secure, open-source, and secure blockchain (DLT), infrastructure that businesses can use to tokenize financial instruments or automate expensive processes. A distributed Financial Market Infrastructure should allow for the final settlement of transactions. The settlement of transactions should also be instantaneous or very close to it (15s). These requirements are not met by the popular proof-of work consensus mechanism used in Bitcoin and Ethereum. We created a more efficient consensus called the Succinct Agreement, which allows instant settlement of transactions in under 15 seconds. Organizations use the dusk network to issue tokens that can be governed by smart contracts that protect privacy. You can harness the power of DLT while adhering to confidentiality agreements and data protection legislation.

Private blockchain that enhances privacy and has instant finality. Aleph Zero was designed for enterprise, Web 3.0 and DeFi use cases. Aleph Zero is an open-source proof-of-stake public Blockchain. We created a unique, aBFT consensus protocol and a custom substrate stack. We are currently working to enhance the platform with a privacy structure based on Zero-knowledge Proofs and secure Multi-Party Computation (sMPC). This will empower developers with a unique approach for private smart contracts. Aleph Zero's peer reviewed consensus protocol (AlephBFT), achieved 89,600 Tx/s and a 416 ms confirmation in a decentralized test environment of 112 AWS Nodes spread across five continents. Aleph Zero's performance in real life, particularly under heavy network load, remains to be determined. The Aleph Zero Consensus Protocol was officially peer-reviewed. It will be published in the conference proceedings on advances in financial technology 2019.

Xchange inFinite (XinFin) is a Delegated Proof of Stake Consensus Network (XDPoS). It enables hybrid relay bridges, instant blocks finality, and interoperability to ISO20022 messaging standards. This makes XinFin's hybrid architecture more developer-friendly. Interoperable blockchain network to facilitate global trade and finance. It enables digitization and tokenization and instant settlements of trade transactions. This increases efficiency and reduces dependence on complex FX infrastructures. Financial institutions have greater flexibility in managing liquidity. Delegated Proof Of Stake (XDPoS), which leverages the power and democracy of stakeholder approval voting, resolves consensus issues in a fair way. XinFin Protocol's (XDC), which is interoperable with legacy systems and other Blockchain platforms, makes it the language of core banking systems as well as ERP systems and SWIFT system.