"The evidence is, in fact, absolutely conclusive that the Standard Oil Company charges altogether excessive prices where it meets no competition, and particularly where there is little likelihood of competitors entering the field, and that, on the other hand, where competition is active, it frequently cuts prices to a point which leaves even the Standard little or no profit, and which more often leaves no profit to the competitor, whose costs are ordinarily somewhat higher."
There are countless stories of Standard Oil buying up wells and refineries in an area and once they controlled the market rates would skyrocket. They would use these profits to buy wells and refineries in another area and repeat the jacking of rates.
On the eighth day, God created FORTRAN.