Microsoft doesn't force every developer who wants to write for Windows to pay 30% of every sale to Microsoft. You can be on their Windows app store for a 12-15% commission, and if you don't want to be on their app store, you can just market independently and they take nothing from you. Apple is a walled garden where the price of entry is 30% of your revenue, period.
Making the minimum specs for a new OS higher would absolutely be monopolistic behavior if Microsoft was the sole builder and provider of new Windows computers (like Apple is for the iPhone). Except they're barely in the hardware market at all; I strongly suspect their choice is more about not needing to test on as many systems, and only secondarily about supporting sales of new PCs from OEM partners.
Microsoft does charge 30% for Xbox store sales, and it's just as exploitative there, but it's also a more niche market, where it's less of a dominant player, so it's lower priority, presumably.
I know it has been an extension for yonks but I recently installed NoScript. Sure, it's pain to whitelist essential Javascript on the couple of dozen sites I regularly visit.
I love NoScript and have been using it for ages, but I do wish there was a "curated" mode with a minimal trusted whitelist you could opt into using, sort of like a reverse ad-blocker. There are times when visiting a new site that the list of blocked domains is monumental, and figuring out the minimal set necessary for the page to function is pretty much impossible without investing way too much time.
Even an option akin to "temporarily allow all" but instead using a whitelist built from contributions (maybe ala SponsorBlock) would be a better middle-ground than what I often end up doing and just temp-allowing everything until I'm done with the site.
As fun as this narrative is, these corporations did nothing more than provide a legal product the market demanded.
You can say the exact same thing about cigarette companies in the 70s, 80s and 90s.
Corporations don't exist to hold your hand. They exist to make money and they are required to follow regulations. That doesn't make them corrupt.
What makes them corrupt is when they lie to the public and regulators about the health impact of their products. TEL companies knew that lead was causing problems, but tried to bury that under a pile of lies, lobbying, and obfuscation. Tobacco companies knew cigarettes were addictive and caused cancer, but tried to hide it and delay as long as possible any kind of public health campaign or laws against public smoking.
That's the line that can't be crossed if you want to pray to the Invisible Hand for guidance.
Once you make the moon the intermediary for the sunlight, you now have to consider the moon as the source for the thermodynamic argument.
No, you don't. Otherwise light reflected from a mirror wouldn't be able to make an object hotter than the mirror, which is obviously wrong. Technically speaking the constraint is more than just the frequency of the light: for example, a laser has "negative" thermodynamic temperature, which means a laser beam can heat an object to an infinitely high temperature (theoretically), despite being, for e.g. an infrared laser (although since the object you're heating up tends to radiate energy as it's temperature to the fourth power, you quickly need a really, really powerful laser to get to high temperatures).
For God's sake, stop researching for a while and begin to think!