Double windows, like in BMW luxury cars, 7-series has been doing a long time. Thick windows too, custom made. Not that expensive really.
That is if you must have natural light coming in still, which you obviously want.

Active noise cancellation is not that expensive anymore, i recall seeing headphones for 100€ or so with active noise cancellation!
You could hack from that set a cheap active noise cancellation system! :)
A little bit of experimenting is required with the location of the receiver microphone to get the timing right, and the distance of the reflector if reflector is required.

As for other surfaces:
Look at car acoustics, there is many types of noise insulations! Some are cheap, some a little bit less cheap. Common in everything: Comes in easy to apply format, "mattress" or "paint".
The "paint" type is usually very massive and to be applied thick, often just bitumen which is very cheap. Will not "dry" ever completely necessary. Thickest form needs to be applied with heat.
The "mattress" types are usually for specific types of noise, the bitumen type usually is best used to stop vibrations etc. in cars, and functions for all types of noise. The mattress types are usually lightweight and thus usually effective only for certain bands.
Often the mattress types also include heat shielding & insulation.
The cost per m2 ranges from couple euros to 30 euros with these, but i'm sure you can get them in big quantities far cheaper than that.
Downside is that these are only suitable for inner structures, so if you live in brick / concrete building you'd need to build separate inner walls too, thus most likely not suitable to your application.

Active noise cancellation might be the best bet here.

this is nothing new, wikipedia is a collection of rumours accepted as fact by the majority, not actual facts based on science and credible sources.
I've seen some outrageous claims, such as tweeter speakers being capable only to produce upto 20kHz, not even a picture of a *TWO* retail tweeters (tweeter + retail packaging with specs) promising 30kHz made them change their mind back then.
I stopped trying to fix all the errors in the english wikipedia ages ago because "the elite of editors" seemingly knows better than anyone.

Must be of lesser quality metal then ...
I got bolts which are meant to be reusable for "as many times as they are undamaged to the naked eye". They are very expensive very high tensile strength bolts, studs and nuts meant to hold very high forces in some cases extreme temperature changes, potentially from ~-40C going to +100C in few short minutes while other metals around them are at unevent temperature and different material, therefore different thermal expansion. Any sane person will allow some warming period before actually putting their strength to the test when peak temperatures can become as high as 1200-1300C.

What are they, you ask?
High performance engine fasteners, for example:
  - Flywheel which is connected directly to crankshaft... If it comes loose, somebody is likely to die
  - Cylinder heads. Imagine the pressure when you have 10:1 or higher static compression ratio and you are pushing more than 3 bars of boost pressure, in a gasoline engine or a diesel engine pushing 7-8bars of boost pressure .... That's some wicked pressure and heat peaks!
  - Connecting rods and crankshafts ... Experiencing some extreme revolutions (you know, 4stroke engine doing 18k RPM as per ignition, is doing hell of a lot more at crankshaft and connecting rods ...)

They are always fastened to very precise, and usually very high torque, preferrably using molybdene based lubricant, but even higher torque if using somekind of assembly oil (traditionally some 30W mineral oil...). If try torque rating is 90nM (quite usual), then molybdene torque rating is around 105nM and with oil can be 120-130nM and that's not even a particularly special case, using JUST 8-10mm diameter studs.
I got some studs which costed 18€ each at wholesale prices, and these are mass produced afterall, available to anyone, made from high strength steel and not some unobtainium.
10 of those TINY studs + bolts + washers might be holding down the force generated by a 1liter turbocharged engine revving to 10k RPM and upwards, while producing more than 600hp at the wheels... dyno failed at that point, not enough grip, and that was at quite mild boost because there was not enough cold air to be used for cooling the engine... This particular engine was ran at the salt flats on even higher boost ratio.
or a 13k RPM screamer 1.6liter naturally aspirated engine with EVEN HIGHER peak pressures, charged engines have actually lower peak pressures than naturally aspirated engines. and yes both of the engines is still roughly at the reach of anyone motivated sufficiently and meant for a car. First one had actually displacement reduced significantly.

Do you really think NASA is not using bolts, nuts and studs of AT LEAST this kind of quality?

That being said, they probably should use studs in exterior fastening, exactly because of the reasons mentioned in TFA.

Those rockets you mention are not meant to operate in 0G vacuum under huge temperature swings without convection to aid ...

Likely WD-40 turns to gaseous form in vacuum, would be my guess. But who knows.

Bolts and nuts are relatively cheap, easy to manufacture and very reliable usually.
Given the temperature swings, 0G etc. it doesn't leave much room for other kind of joints. Maybe stainless zip ties could work to some degree.

working on old cars almost daily this is somewhat common.

without any lubricants or excessive force, the trick is usually to remove the object being attached, then try to get the bolt to screw in fully, failing that, using something to try and clean the thread and just trying again several times.
Usually it's just some kind of dirt OR the object being attached not perfectly aligned or slightly wrong dimensions.

Once i tried to get a bolt to screw in for weeks, despite everything seemingly aligning perfectly (VW Golf MK2 gearbox) it simply wouldn't bolt in, removing the gearbox and then screwing in the bolt no problems, but as soon as i put the gearbox in place on a gearbox jack, despite all the other bolts going in like supposed to, the last one kept on giving grief until one day it just went in like it's supposed to.

Point is, it's no rocket science (pun intended) and usually it's going to be either of the two (dirty or misalignment)

and unfortunately every bit of regulation, laws etc. are designed with the worst of the idiots in mind.

yea but we could decrease the complexity of the habitat to a great degree probably, with few nicely chosen microbes, and maybe eventually plants.

Some "super" athletes already are superhuman, there is people living today who are Superhuman, such as:
- Super flexible
- Extreme threshold for pain (still feels, but no such reaction to pain)
- Those who can control their surface temperature exchange, useful in extreme temperatures, ie. Sauna and swimming in ice cold water
- Those who can control rate of oxygen consumption AND how much they can extract oxygen from air AND don't have as strong Co2 reaction
- Extreme tolerance to electric shocks (tens of times higher than what would kill average joe)
- Superior mathematical ability
- Echolocation like in daredevil
- Extreme strength
- Extreme endurance

You mean they would benefit from not being complete a**holes :)

Unless they happen to be rich, they won't have access.
Tho, their children might need it most, so some countries might make it available for them free of charge for removing tendencies to addictions, and other highly negative elements.

One problem tho in your statement. We've not had this kind of technology before.

We have been doing selective breeding however, unfortunately it's usually with too small population of subjects, leading to all kinds of diseases etc. That being the case on cats, dogs and horses, so called purebreds.
Albeit, they tend to be genetically superior on the traits chosen by the breeder.
My understanding is that the inherited diseases etc. is a result of breeding within too small population.

My personal opinion? Genetically engineering is Eugenics 2.0, where the major kinks has been solved.
Watch Game of Thrones and you can see where the "old kind" of eugenics can lead (in game of thrones it's incest, brother and sister having children, yuck!), and the resulting son is crazy.
Not sure if it's being researched, but there is "folk lore" that children of incest tend to be crazy like that.
So that kind of "eugenics" is rigged to fail from get-go.

BUT, 2 completely non-related people having children, and then having for example genetic diseases fixed and introducing a gene known to increase mental ability, i don't see a problem in that. The changes are still rather small, say if there is 1-2 inherited potential genetic diseases and a single gene added.
IT CAN however result in unexpected consequences for the better or worse, and i would say this leads to evolution speed in the exponent, at the expense of less completely random changes where multiples of undesired genes are warranted for the positive change to happen.

But on the other hand basic evolution will become extremely rapid, there are some absolutely amazing people in terms of mental capability and physical ability, which are considered to be abnormal, someone might even call those people freaks.
Some of the extreme abilities: Extreme flexibility, extreme pain threshold (still feels but doesn't get the same reaction as others), ability to control skin surface temperature exchange (Ability to withstand temperature extremes better), ability to change the rate of oxygen consumption AND negated Co2 reaction (Extremely good for free divers).
There's also that one guy who seems to have ACTUAL photographic memory, tho i'm not still 100% conceived as some experts considers that ability to be near impossible and/or causing severe drawbacks. In that guys case we've seen in the news the drawback is autism.

Imagine you could introduce the same genes that made einstein so brilliant to your child! I would pay some serious dough for that - mental capability is one of the most important factors for success in life, albeit not a necessity (just watch some of the reality tv shows... Some really dumb people are making quite an success)

Also, some people have dyslexia and the mathematics variety of dyslexia, i wouldn't want my child to suffer from either. There is also related ailments of lesser, but still important, drawbacks.

Things rarely are that black & white or simple.

For example the last bit you quoted is precious:

That's damn right, the journalists SHOULD BE OBJECTIVE, and not biased like Faux News.
Not sure how the full article goes, but given that Assange wanted asylum at Ecuador AND this from TFA:

I'm saying the truth is not so simple.

Following does not represent my opinion or viewpoint, but could as well be true/what's actually going on:
Rafael Correa is actually FOR objective and open journalism without bias, and those articles saying otherwise are drawn out of context and/or wildly exaggerated, cases where President Correa has been trying to weed out corruption, smear campaigning (maybe against himself, but anyone else could be the target) or otherwise being tried to ruin reputation for.

It could be possible that El Universo was a corrupt organization who under the journalism & free speech protection thought they could run any kind of smear campaign articles based loosely, or not based at all on truth. Being very biased, and maybe being paid for by 3rd parties to drive the agenda of said 3rd parties.

Such a biased "reporting" or outright lies about Media wouldn't be anything new at all. There are far too often a bias on the news being "represented".
A good comparison would be watching the usual Faux News, CNN or other western media reporting and compare that report to the Russian broadcast! I haven't personally seen, but my dad has gotten to compare Russian broadcast vs. BBC/CNN etc. on a terrorism case happening at a theater in Russia, plenty hostages etc.
The report was certainly a lot different between the two.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2363601.stm

What the actual truth and reality is then, everyone has to judge for themselves.

100$ taxable at even 50% is still more than 0$ non-taxable.

So, what google is doing is amazing. This is ON TOP of any life insurance the employee might have afterall!

To make matters worse the more code there is, more defects there is going to be, so it again boils down to design. http://amartester.blogspot.fi/2007/04/bugs-per-lines-of-code.html

To make matters even worse, many vendors refuse to admit any issues, i know several such vendors, and more important it is, the worse they are admitting and fixing those issues. The worst crap i've seen is eCommerce applications, and the worst pieces of code i've seen is in the payment gateways and handling of money/transactions.

It's funny how it's inverse relationship with required quality to defects, more serious it is, more defects there is going to be.

For example, WHMCS considers 1EUR = 1GBP = 1USD = 1AUD for the most part! They fixed some of the issues after i reported WITH solutions (tho they did not give credit for it), but those i reported without solutions they simply swept under the rug.
I even found a severe exploit which could gain free services for the attacker on very specific circumstances. I also did find a DOS exploit in the system, requiring 0 resources from the attacker to make it happen.