I believe it is a valid argument. First off you are correct to question it but for a different reason: the exhaust regulation is fairly new, thus the main pressure comes from taxes. The point I was making is that this system reinforces the need to keep your vehicle current. But if you would like me to elaborate on the topic of age pressure I can.
First there is TÜV, the German street-ready tests. The older the car gets the more expensive the upkeep to pass the inspection. This isn't always a deterent in itself, since older cars can pass the inspection without too much hassle, it adds to the overall cost as a vehicle ages.
Second, fuel efficiency is a serious issue in Germany where normal gas costs 2-4 times what it does in some areas of the US. Thus newer cars, especially those German vehicles which are very efficient, so far as to shut off when they stop a red light, save money. Or said in another way, older cars can cost significantly more per Km to keep running.
Lastly, if you look at your map, and tracked inhabitants under those "few" dots, you would see that a significant portion of German population lives or works in those listed areas. And the areas are growing fast with plans to reduce exhaust levels across the country over the next years. Thus if you are not a farmer, you have a good chance of living, working, or needing to pass through one of these areas. You don't need to pass regulations for the Autobahn, but if you wish to exit in Munich, Berlin, Stuttgart, Bremen, Dusseldorf etc. you need to pass the inspection.