Every single contact in your smartphone contacts list is scraped and delivered to Facebook, Google, your Cell provider, your hardware manufacturer (in the case of Apple) and the NSA/Gov't by extension. If 50 people have you in their contacts as Alvin the mechanic, and your email is attached by cross reference as well as your LinkedIn, Facebook and G+ that all give positive face recognition matches, you can bet your bottom dollar that all the gov't need is that meta data to know exactly who is doing what.
And your phone is always connected to the internet, just a small walled off subnet for all the dumbphones. It's still the same thing if you are a provider however, scraping that metadata is beyond easy.