1) As I recall, there are procedures to amend a rejected application or to appeal a rejection. If those procedures are routinely exercised and the submissions are not considered new applications, then the total processing time of an approved patent will be significantly shorter than that of a rejected one. This gives a strong incentive to grant a patent over rejecting it.
Examiners receive work credit for examining amended applications or applications in which the applicant has requested a continued examination after a final rejection has been issued. It is actually much more work to allow a patent than to reject it, since as soon as your find prior art that reads on an application, you're done and you can move on to the next one. If you don't find prior art, on the other hand, it means you'll have to spend a LOT of time carefully reviewing anything and everything that might be relevant, or run the risk of getting nailed by Quality Assurance later on.
2) When does a patent application get reviewed for being improperly rejected or improperly allowed? If an improper rejection review can triggered by a submitter''s complaint but an improper allowance only comes to light after competitors sue over the patent, it gives another strong incentive to grant a patent over rejecting it.
An examiner's work is regularly reviewed by the "quality assurance" people, a sinister and mysterious group that pulls a sampling of recent work and scrutinizes it. Anything that an examiner allows is much more likely to be reviewed, and will generally be reviewed in much more detail, than something that they reject. The "safe" way for an examiner to slack off without too much risk of getting into trouble is to slap together bullshit obviousness rejections, since the quality assurance people focus so much on anything that gets allowed and not so much on things that get rejected. To balance out the incentives that the Quality Assurance people might give an examiner to just reject everything, applicants have various options for appealing rejections that they feel are improper.
I prefer to treat it as "not bullshit" until you address my points above.
He said that the PTO uses allowed applications as the metric for efficiency. That is most certainly bullshit, regardless of any of the points that you raised.
I would argue that independent invention without exposure to the other's work should simply invalidate the patent right off the bat. If two people are filing a patent on the same invention, unless they were working together at some point in the past or one of them stole research from the other in some way, that means the patent covers something that is obvious to a practitioner in the field, and is not patentable in the first place.
What a ridiculous assertion. If two companies each set out to solve a problem, and after each investing millions of dollars and tens of thousands of man-hours into the research eventually come up with very similar solutions, you think that means the solution was "obvious"?
Where it went really wrong is when some moron in the PTO decided that the proper metric for measuring the efficiency of appraisers was to look at how many patents they *grant*. What exactly do you think is going to happen? Yep, any border case that can't be negatively resolved in 5 minutes of patent search gets approved.
I work for the patent office.
The efficiency metrics that the PTO uses to evaluate Examiners boils down to 1) how many applications they process (regardless of whether they are allowed or rejected) and 2) what percentage of their allowances and/or rejections are mistakes, with a "mistake" being either improperly rejecting or improperly allowing a patent.
In short, your assertion that "the PTO decided that the proper metric for measuring the efficiency of appraisers was to look at how many patents they *grant*" is total bullshit.
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