well for starters, say you have sattelite photos of what the oil slick looks like, for the past several weeks. Back in the dark ages of slipsticks and vacuum tubes you would have a couple of really smart people to to a chalk board, draw lines tracing the photos, and try to think where is this shit going to hit land worst, what are the bird/fish/etc populations, how do we minimize damage. Now, together with NOAA and USGS you can do a CFD simulation, try to get much better estimates, allocate resources better for the cleanup. You are still fucked in the ass, but it might not bleed so bad.