I find this idea interesting:
Further if you remove money from politics, you're essentially saying that no one is allowed to donate to candidates. Now you've all but ensured that only those who are independently wealthy or have connections will be able to run for office.
It's looking ahead at the unintended consequences of how a law may be interpreted. Good job!
I'm totally with you when you say:
If you want to make people more representative of the electorate, we need a large number of people in Congress because there's no way that 538 people can represent a nation of 300 million and growing. Drastically increase the number of representatives so that each represents a smaller group of people
Congress stopped growing a century ago, and for a while it was ok, not great but still ok, but we've been losing a lot of effective representation for decades now. It's putting a hurt on our democracy because now only rich individuals can "speak" loudly enough to be heard above the din of each representative's constituency. We need smaller districts.
I kind of think you went off the rails here:
make all federal positions single term only
I think you forgot to keep looking at the unintended consequences.
If you make every seat a single-term, you lose your professional class of politicians. Each new representative or senator is now guaranteed to be inexperienced and bumble about Washington for a couple of years -- the Congressional version of Eternal September.
You think politicians have a hard time fending off unethical offers now? What about when they have no idea what they're in for?
Moreover, job satisfaction will dive, so fewer people will want the job. You'll have a constant flow of less and less qualified people, which brings satisfaction even lower. It's a vicious cycle.
What you're really, unintentionally, doing is creating a class of unelected, master political aides who will be pulling the strings on most federal politicians. Your representatives really will be figureheads for their 2- or 6-year term while their staff, who is in for the long haul and keeps getting hired like a "Representative-in-a-Box" outfit, directs them for their own agenda. Imagine House of Cards but where Frank Underwood is being entirely manipulated by his own staff.
so that there's no need for anyone to go out campaigning and fund raising.
Your one-term politician will spend their term courting the people and companies that will give them a job after their one-and-done gig in Washington. Without an upcoming election to keep you responsive and beholden to your constituency, nothing will keep you honest or even working in your district's best interests. Even Boss Tweed couldn't imagine such a sweetheart deal.
I think we have this fantasy that every congressional critter is an honest person trying to get out, but those pesky companies are keeping them pent up with bribes and lobbying. It's reinforced when a politician does an about-face after announcing their retirement, suddenly speaks their mind or now supports some bill that people wanted but s/he never supported.
The reality is, there are honest people and dishonest people in Congress. Those politicians that switch sides at the very end found a higher bidder outside the government, that's all.