Actually, the PTO doesnt break even until the 3rd maintenance fee of a granted patent. That means it costs more than charged to exmine a patent.
The fees are structured to distribute the burden onto all of the filers, especially those large entities and grantees.
The PTO is the only self-funded government entity and consistently turns a profit that is reallocated by Congress.
The PTO isnt understaffed or overworked, the Examiners are underpaid. That's why there is so much attrition. Only about 30% of newly hired Examiners remain in the office after 2 years. That means it's difficult to maintain institutional knowledge.
You want better patents, tell Congress to pay examiners more.