The crazy thing is, unlike the DNA patent for testing for breast cancer which has finally gotten SCOTUS' attention, there is no indication that a GMO will ever not meet the bar of a utility patent given the amount of purposeful engineering involved. The issue is more about whether the government should allow the entire world's food chain to be completely at the whims of a single, monopolistic patent holder.

There are a variety of plant-variety-protection acts that were originally penned to protect fruit tree breeders from having their competitors just grow seedlings from their painstakingly cultivated strains that often took decades of greenhouse breeding. Such protections have exemptions built in allowing farmers to re-plant seeds, as well as research exceptions and other public-safety provisions (i.e. if the government can step in if licensing terms would cause a famine, for example). The fine line that Monsanto treads is that, to anti GMO activists, they claim that a GMO is really just a souped-up type of selective plant breeding that we have been doing for centuries, so it shouldn't require any special environmental or public health regulations. But when it comes to licensing disputes, they insist that GMOs are so sophisticated and totally unlike a traditional "plant variety" that they deserve a utility patent and not ordinary plant variety protection. They can't have their cake and eat it too. Someone needs to found the AMD of GMOs and take away their cake. And then maybe they'll stop using lawyers to force 20-year-old genetic technology down farmer's throats and actually innovate for a change.

Agreed the two should not be conflated, although it's hard not to since Monsanto has 90%+ of the market share, so it's their way of the highway. If there were an AMD-like underdog, the first thing they would compete on would be reasonable licensing terms. But instead, we have a company that is acting like MicroSquash in the '90s, and just as with MS they prefer their critics to promote Luddite-ism rather than focusing in on the antitrust aspects of this.

I do disagree with TFA, however. It's not anti-GMO activism that kills small GMO startups, Monsanto does that very well on their own. If they don't buy out a promising startup outright they just deny it access to the market and it dies a slow death. For all the waving and shouting, anti-GMO activists can't even get labelling laws passed.

Someone please mod this up, as a researcher in the same field as F@H I can attest this is all quite correct.

First, I should preface this by saying I've interacted with several of the F@H folks professionally and they do excellent work. And that the NIH is under no pretenses when it funds this work that cures will magically pop out tomorrow - they think of it as a seed investment for a decade or two in the future. In terms of tax dollars spent, it's a good investment considering many biomedical labs spend more just keeping their mice alive every year than all the F@H lab's salaries combined (especially since the computing time is donated by volunteers).

That said, I've always been disappointed that they do not use their unique standing with the public enthusiast computing community to educate and provide the context of what is it they are actually doing and how it is unique among the literally hundreds of other similar protein folding research groups out there. I don't think it's hypocritical to claim basic research can have real world impact on real-world problems, but providing the proper context for an individual researcher's findings is sadly often at odds with their PR goals (in this case, convincing people to donate cycles to F@H and not to other similar projects). But so goes all of biomedical research, as the poster shrewdly notes, despite this being taxpayer funded research performed largely at non-profit, educational institutions.

FYI, federal grants are public record and you can search them to see brief descriptions of current funded research to get at least an idea of how much larger the field is than any one research group. Try one of the links below with the search term "protein folding" if you want a sense of how big this field truly is (and note that it does actually include projects run by actual doctors seeing actual patients). Considering the overall research budget is comprised of less than 2 cents from every tax dollar collected, it's not a bad ROI (obviously I'm biased as a federally funded researcher myself).

http://projectreporter.nih.gov/reporter.cfm
http://www.nsf.gov/funding/

Related to biobricks, there are some good tutorials and short videos for basic lab techniques at the bottom of this page:
http://qb3.berkeley.edu/synberc/courses-college.html

Also that page has some links to slides and notes from intro courses in biological engineering and synthetic biology which would be appropriate as well.

I almost forgot. If by some chance your local CC does not offer a molecular biology course for lab techs, they certainly will offer a general microbiology course as that is required for oral hygienists, med techs, and nurses. It is traditionally taught as 50% lecture and 50% lab course with no prerequisites, so while you would not learn as many techniques as the pure lab course, you will learn more of the underlying biology involved and they will at least teach you how to do basic bacteria growth, plating, simple genetic manipulation and probably some microscope skills too.

I always found that course to be loads more fun than intro bio. Maybe because it's meant to be stand-alone and practical, as opposed to a mile-wide inch-deep preparation for future coursework, plus it's not required for medical school so all the hyper-competitive pre-med types aren't enrolled :-)

Cheers,
Alan

I agree a community college is an unlikely environment to find someone who will understand your desire to tinker nor will you be exposed to cutting-edge science or be trained as a scientist would.

BUT...

Community colleges DO teach decent lab courses in molecular biology (i.e. e.coli manipulation) which would give you most of the skills you are looking for. Pretty much every community college offers such a course as there is a high demand for qualified lab technicians. It would be a stand-alone, hands-on course with few (if any) prerequisites, which your 10-year old bachelors degree probably satisfies. At my local CC, for example, they teach this course:

Additional points to consider:
1) At a 4-year college, the official answer is usually "no" to any request from a non-student, because they selfishly want you to pay $$$ for their continuing education or adult night school. If you ask a professor personally, however, they might be cool with you sitting in on a large lecture course, but not a lab course since those resources are strictly for degree seeking students. But never ask through official channels, the official answer will always say "no".

2) Departmental seminars, however, are usually open to the public, you can safely attend those without asking for permission. Universities often have special seminars by notable scientists aimed at the general public which are much more accessible, check the event calendars.

3) At a CC, you don't need to enroll in a degree program just to take one random course for your own self interest, nor will anyone care/notice that you aren't 18. Enrolling in a course is the best, most efficient way to get hands on training, perhaps after some self study with a good primer on molecular biology.

4) You can likely afford the cost of a CC course, which will be ~100-150$ per credit hour for residents , whereas at my university part-time enrollment costs 1,200$ a credit hour!!!

5) Home brew workarounds will make much more sense once you see how things are "normally" done with proper equipment. Actually, a poorer school will likely have the same old, beat-up equipment that homebrew folks pick up on ebay, so you might actually learn more applicable skills than if you trained with a cutting-edge setup.

I second the biobricks recommendation. When I become a prof I will definitely start an iGEM team and contribute some biobricks.

Cheers,
Alan

You've listed the things we know are useless and pointed out that it adds up to >66%. No argument there. You also hypothesize that there's room for an order-of-magnitude increase in the things that *might* be useful from future, surprising discoveries. That's entirely my point!!

Exactly why are we arguing again?

I can't help but point out, though, that the RNA world folks were all saying "I told you so" when the RNA bits were discovered . . .

Yeah the analogy is imperfect but they are both rooted in the common assumption that if we can't assign a function to something then it doesn't do anything at all - which is troubling to me because we don't even know what alot of the "real" genes do yet to do an accurately accounting how much is NOT useful.

So while it'll probably remain true that "junk DNA" will outnumber "useful" DNA in the final accounting (80% is surely a headline-grabbing overreach), there will also continue to be a steady progression of sequences initially tagged as "junk" that turn out to have function. And my initial point was that THAT fact should not come as a surprise to molecular biologists, I can't remember a single year in recent history when there wasn't a discovery of a whole new class of noncoding RNAs, for example.

Sure, it'll never add up to an actual majority of the genome, but do you seriously believe the proportions you quote will still be valid in say, 5, 10 years? Just because something doesn't light up on your nifty hidden markov models doesn't mean there aren't any more epigenetic or non-coding regulatory bits hidden between those mountains of retrotransposon corpses just waiting to be discovered.

Show me a viable cell line with a 90% of the genome removed and then I'll believe you. Until then. . .

I don't think any serious molecular biologist ever thought the majority of DNA had no function, just as no neuroscientist ever believed that we only use 10% of our brain, but that's precisely the sort of sound bite that, when uttered in a press release somewhere, echos around the public consciousness forever and never dies because it provides a conveniently sciency premise for the next batch of rebooted superhero origin stories. The distinction is that before this study, we knew non-coding DNA was involved in regulation but not to what extent; i.e. there were plenty of specific anecdotal findings but nothing this systematic and large scale.

As for the significance of this sort of work, yes, it exactly like release day for a major software package, it's an anticipatory excitement and not a "we finally found the Higgs Boson after decades of searching" type of achievement. Molecular biologists and geneticists everywhere can now do a simple web search see how this affects the system they are working on without needing to perpetually beg the labs that possess the specialized high-throughput instrumentation to do a one-off experiment just for their favorite gene. . .

The largest enrolled courses on Coursera are on AI and machine learning.

Seems like it would be a good class exercise to make a plagiarism detector. I know such things exist commercially using proprietary algorithms and privately curated databases but doing a shoot-out using real world examples from the other courses on coursera could be a cool idea, not to mention a big dissuader for future plagarizers to know their essays are being vetted by ever-changing algorithms. And then you'd have to run them on each other to make sure people didn't copy each other's code :-)

Yes, of course, since coursera is free and not-for-credit right now plagarism "only" hurts the students. But the whole point of coursera is that all the big names in academia don't want to be left behind when whatever happens to higher education finally happens - and a large part of that is figuring out how online courses will be able to handle plagarism and even mundane things like exams and homework. Giving real credit and providing for a true alternative to a traditional brick and mortar education can not happen without addressing those first.

Obviously it's looking for the DAYZmod files. Because, as I learned from watching Johnny Mnemonic, defeating military grade encryption is very much like winning a death match in a third-person shooter.

The insanely slow login times? That's your connection being tunneled through a secret proxy server in Qatar.

Every time you kill a bandit, somewhere in Iran a centrifuge explodes.

Zombie AI amazingly stupid? Turns out the Iranian Revolutionary Guards suck at video games, but you have to admire their persistence. . .

Right, but according to the fastcompany article he's revoked his US citizenship to be a Belize permanent resident and seems to have gone to great pains to make his assets completely untouchable to the US what with the 5 civil suits pending against him.

There's quite alot of foreshadowing in the fastcompany article:

indicating that he routinely gives large, overt, public bribes to get whatever he wants in Belize

Then there's this:

Either he is willfully ignoring the fact that this seems to have been a small-time shakedown attempt or he is completely oblivious to it. Did he really think Belize patrolmen (note, not the environmental cops) are so genuinely concerned about shoreline regulations?? He doesn't seem to realize by being so brazen about describing large bribes to the press he's just inviting even bigger, less polite shake-downs in the future, which sounds exactly like what (unfortunately) just went down. Did he really think that request for a campaign contribution for the guy employing police hitsquads was purely optional when bribes for building permits, import permits, business titles, etc. for his dozens of shell companies were not?

Sure, it still sucks, and I feel sorry for him, but it really does sound like he specifically chose Belize because he liked how pliable the laws were if you had money and it never occurred to him that cuts both ways...

Great examples, I'd like to add the most zombie-relevant one, though, the wasp parasite that mind-controls a "zombie" spider into making a specially designed nest for the larva with its silk spinner, and then it parks itself in the center to be a snack larva when they hatch (it is still alive as Samantha points out, just somehow mind controlled via some injected toxin).

http://www.damninteresting.com/mind-controlling-wasps-and-zombie-spiders/

here's a whole gallery of zombie-insect examples:
http://discovermagazine.com/photos/04-zombie-animals-and-the-parasites-that-control-them