The economist
Thomas Sowell devoted an entire chapter of his book
Economic Facts and Fallacies to "Male-Female Facts and Fallacies", including the question of gender inequality in the workplace. In all of the studies and data that he examined, dating back to the early part of the 20th century and continuing up through today, the single biggest factor in different workplace outcomes between men and women was
not discrimination, but rather life choices which women commonly make, at the expense of maximizing their careers, but men do not. For example, it was and remains common for women to take an extended detour in their careers in order to have and raise young children and women are more willing to abandon what might otherwise be a promising career in order to do so. Furthermore, women are less likely to accept the sorts of high paying and high demand careers that men often do because attaining that level in a career requires years or even decades of dedicated work to achieve and leaves no time for raising a family or doing anything else but the career (i.e. the "glass ceiling" in the C-Suite). Sowell also found that the data is further skewed by the fact that men who are married to a female who does not work, but instead contributes home making, childcare and other household needs to the family coffers further
enhances the career maximizing potential of the married man. In other words, all other things being equal, the married man earned
more than his unmarried and similarly skilled male counterparts. Sowell argues that this difference is largely explained by the married men being freed up to concentrate even more on their careers, due to the efforts of their spouse, as compared to the single unmarried man. In summary, the gap between male and female earnings in the workplace both recent and historical is almost entirely explained by different life choices and not any systemic, overt or organized effort to discriminate against women in general as a class. I know that flies in the face of "conventional wisdom" regarding the narrative that is common on the left, but try reading Sowell's argument (he presents it much better than I can) and looking at his cited sources; it's compelling to say the least.