Depends on the memory pressure. Typically, they will be read in entirely and then allowed to swap out, because this is cheaper. If the pages are not touched, then swapping them out just requires clearing the page table entry - a very cheap operation - and is a lot cheaper than reading in every 4KB page separately for a nontrivial application.

That's largely irrelevant though, because the executable (and private libraries) constitute a tiny portion of what an application is reading from disk. The resources that it loads are typically a lot larger.

There was an interesting article about this about a year ago. Did, by any chance, your daughter have female maths teachers between the ages of about 5-9 and, if so, were they people with some qualification in mathematics, or just primary school teachers who had to teach maths but were nervous of it? The study I'm referring to identified that a lot of women teaching maths at this age are very nervous of the subject and that girls pick up on this (boys are totally oblivious) and learn a subconscious dislike of the subject.

By the way, a related result from an entirely different study looked at performance of students measuring a wide variety of factors. They found that there was only one that had a strong correlation with pupil performance: the enthusiasm of the teacher. This reinforced my belief that you can't really teach anyone, you can just provide an environment where they can teach themselves: if you make the subject seem interesting, students will learn it.

Wow, way to miss the point. If you have 10 applicants for 2 posts, 8 from one group and 2 from another and you have a quota that says you have to hire at least one from the second group, then what is the result going to be? If you have no quotas, then you will hire the two best qualified. If you assume that there is no intrinsic difference in abilities between the two sets, then there is a 20% chance that you will end up with one from the second set. If there is a quota, then there is a 100% chance that you will end up with one from the second set, meaning that there is an 80% chance that you will end up with someone less qualified with the quota than without.

This then leads back to an ugly feedback cycle, where people are aware that the person in the second group is there instead of someone more qualified (see the caste quota system in India for examples of this) and so they grow to resent people from that group and, importantly, don't trust the competence of anyone from that group. This then makes it harder for the competent people in the group, because now they have an extra layer of prejudice against them.

Now, if you want more members of the second group to be hired, then you need to look at the causes and address them. For example, do they encounter the relevant skills later? Are there hidden prejudices against them in hiring? Are they excluded or discouraged from participating in some relevant educational prerequisites?

No. 2000 Watts for two hours is 4kWh. 4000W for four hours is 16kWh. Neither four nor sixteen equals one.

Experienced programmers still need to learn your process, your frameworks, and in some cases even your language. They'll have had more practice learning, but on the down side they'll have more preconceived ideas about how things should work (some valuable, some just habit). The old guys who do things because this is how we've always done things are just as problematic as the young guys who do things because the latest buzzword methodology says they should.

I like how you put this. "The environment that exists in the treatment of females means that I would not put a woman that I care about in that field"... says a lot. Thanks for your appreciation.

Awesome post, and says everything I could say, and perhaps better than I would.

I've had to work on my own motorcycle from time to time, and my boyfriend kind of refused to help me, knowing that self-sufficiency is better than doing everything for me. However, from time to time, he would call me over with "hey, Japanese hands", because I had the tiny hands to get at/into something that his man hands were just too big to get at.

It's less so natural tendencies, and rather a "conspiracy" of culture. Children are subjected to more gender-stereotype influence than just what they get from their parents. Nearly everything about the western culture kind of discourages women and girls from being techies, and geeks. (Any girl interested in such things would likely readily be labeled a "tomboy", I know I was...) No matter how hard a parent fights against that trend, children naturally want to conform to the rest of their gender peers... so while the actual positions themselves are less so natural, the "conspiracy" that girls want to conform to other girls, and boys want to conform to other boys, results in them all picking up certain common interests which make it difficult to distinguish from "nature".

Exactly. And now there are two women owned firms, whereas before there was only one. After the lucrative contracts, both women will be heads of successful companies. From the point of these laws, which is to encourage the growth of women (and minority) owned businesses, these would be success stories, driving the intended behavior via regulations and economic incentives.

From the points of view of the economy, of fair trade, of fair competition, and of pure capitalism, it may not be seen as a good thing, but the law was not written to further encourage those behaviors, as they're already plenty successful. The law would be working as designed.

This petition to fine patent owners treble damages if the defendant wins is awful, because it screws small inventors. Invent something in your garage? Big MegaCorp steals it, and pays for lawyers you can't even dream of. They win, and you pay triple.

Awesome idea, got any others?