...and we clearly have a minimal number of such sources in the US.
Don't be so hard on the US. They really do provide a lot of funding compared to many countries. Sure it is distributed in perhaps not the best way (few very large grants), but its pretty substantial. For example my PhD was 100% funded under a NSF grant despite the fact that i was not in the US. We also had the requirement that we had to make all findings and contributions reasonable public.
That has nothing to do with patents per-se though, it has to do with the perverse incentives in a profit-driven medical research.
I can't quite see how non profit driven medical research would need patents?
This restaurant was advertising breakfast any time. So I ordered french toast in the renaissance. - Steven Wright, comedian