re -- "Shoot back?" comment above -- the answer for PRISim was "yes, it did shoot back and yes, it could shoot first." Used to teach LEOs proper use of cover -- but the rounds are 'toned down' a bit -- just left a bruise. "credible threat of pain" really puts your head in the game !

However - slightly off topic since this was not sold with the live fire system. The purpose was to provide the trainer with a means of forcing the user to make their mistakes in the sim, not the field. Mistakes w/ live ammo "would be bad"

[disclaimer - worked for them]

Worked for a company (Advanced Interactive Systems) in the late '90s that had a system to track real bullets from real guns, with the bullets passing through a self-healing screen. System could track anything from a single shot from a .45 to every round out of an AR-15 at full auto, etc. Was the basis for FPS and other apps for indoor shooting ranges and an option for the PRISim system for police & military training.

From their website, it looks like this 'lives on' in some of their current products.

Actually - the authors already thought of this - and warn against it. From the last paragraph in the article...

Even if a way is devised to attach a high-fidelity quality measure to a citation, there is no substitute for scientific judgment to assess publications. We need to avoid falling into the trap of relying on automatically generated citation statistics for accessing the performance of individual researchers, departments, and scientific disciplines, and especially of allowing the evaluation task to be entrusted to administrators and bureaucrats

Seems to me that there's a significant methodological problem with this study -- "driving" by using a mouse isn't the skill that most folks have done a lot. Seems that they've realy shown that answering questions or listening to a conversation can interfere with exercising a NEW skill -(mouse-driving navigation). What's this say about real driving? -TBD. Might be interesting to see if skill with FPS or other mouse-nav intensive games correlates with impact from distractions.