Yes, that would clearly be a better control. If you want to recruit people to carry around a mobile phone turned off for a year, please do so. Oh, and to do it properly, you should also make sure that the subject is not aware whether their phone is on or off.
Scientists have to work in the real world, and can't do every experiment to perfection. This isn't conclusive, but that doesn't mean it's wrong, or not worth publishing. Lots of science suggests something without proving it.
The daily mail is probably the trashiest of British journalism: sensationalist, scaremongering, simplistic, and not above straightforward making stuff up. See also this song.
Rule 12 of the internet: citing the daily fail as your only source causes you to lose the argument.
Well, in my applications menu, it's called "Ubuntu Software Centre". Technically, it's an an apt/packagekit GUI, separate from synaptic (which can still be found in the administration menu), which also uses some non-apt-standard bits (like ratings) on top. The Ubuntu repositories can still be accessed via standard apt without the extensions, of course.
I fail to see how this is in any way a problem.
There are already plenty of lists saying "MS Office -> Libreoffice" and "Photoshop -> GIMP" and so on. It tends to lead to people getting annoyed because they don't feel that the promoted replacement is as good as what they had before (whether or not they're right, they still feel that way).
Also, apart from geeks, people don't really care about openness in their software. If you can't program, the right to change the source code is meaningless. If you want to replace proprietary software, you do it by providing something people prefer. Like Firefox: only a few people choose it because it's open source; most have chosen it simply because it's better than IE. For something like an office suite, the job should be even easier if what you're offering is free (as in beer).
Only if you count each cell's DNA separately. It's mostly just imperfect copies of the same data, though, and your genome is only about 750 MB (3 billion bases, 4 possibilities at each, so 2 bits per base). There's probably quite a bit more if you count all the bacteria living on and in you (not a comment on your personal hygeine - there are bacteria on everyone), but I'm not sure that counts as "available storage".
Your memory is a much more interesting question. How much do we remember? When you remember the scenery of a holiday last summer, what resolution and colour depth is that memory? How is the memory of a sound encoded?
Dialling phone numbers is much less common than it used to be, thanks to electronic address books, skype, and so on. The risks of the internet are better solved by making systems easy to use, not by sitting around and wishing that users were better educated.
The car analogy is just stupid. We make people take a driving test because half a ton of steel at 70 mph can kill a lot of people very quickly without you doing anything obviously stupid. That's not a risk on the internet. My mother doesn't understand a URL, but the internet is still hugely useful to her (email, skype, online shopping, weather forecasts...). It's not your internet, and we're not kicking out 90% of the world when they're using it very productively.
And no, URLs are not "easy to understand". You start at the beginning, then jump into the middle and go backwards for a while, then jump back to the middle and read forwards. The obvious way to read them is left to right, so everything is a subdomain of www. They often contain odd codes ("sid=2004418"?). To properly explain it, you have to talk about servers (for many people, websites aren't on a server, they're just somehow "on the internet"), and static versus dynamic content. And now you can have internationalised domain names in various alphabets. To be fair, some browsers are now making it easier by highlighting the domain name in the URL bar (that is, improving the usability, not berating people for their ignorance).
Yes, Google make money. They provide a service that people use. That's capitalism for you. Wikia tried to make a non-profit search engine, but it didn't work out. I don't particularly like the idea of one company profiting from running such a key function of the web, but I don't think I could do it better...
Well, if you have a smartphone, you could install the key generator app, which, since it doesn't require a signal, presumably doesn't report your phone number to Google. If you want to check that, you could always look at the source (for Android & Blackberry, at least).
I very much doubt they'll ever make it compulsory. It's just too much hassle for most people. If they really want to push it, they might show a banner ("Find out how to make your account more secure..."), but I bet it'll just sit on the settings page, only to be used by those who know they want it.
Do we really have nothing better to do than complain? It's an entirely optional way to add some security, and they do seem to have given it at least a modicum of thought (several methods to get the tokens, limited backup tokens if you lose your device...). What else should they provide? Free ponies?
Solutions are obvious if one only has the optical power to observe them over the horizon. -- K.A. Arsdall