All a GPS repeater tells you is where the repeater receiving antenna is. Only good for rough positioning, but still very good for timing. This is why they are used in hangars and bus tunnels -- near enough is good enough.
TBMs are generally navigated by laser surveying instruments. This is a real example of the surveyor's craft, and even in ancient times (i.e. pre laser) tunnels generally met in the middle.
The IEEE also convert nice vector graphic illustrations to bitmap format too
IET Journals will take
Engineers and Computer Scientists have this sorted with LaTeX. Others can take advantage of graphical editors for LaTeX like LyX, and generate publication quality manuscripts. The typeset output from the LaTeX IEEE template is not identical to what the IEEE finally typeset, but it is a very close copy. Similarly the Microsoft Word template is pretty good too.
I know many journals only want 'plain text' and then do the typesetting. There is a lot of skill in this and it does cost money. Perhaps if the journals received LaTeX formatted text then the paper could be open access for free? Fat chance.
Open Access is required at my university, and we are required to publish the 'accepted version', but not the 'published version' (with some exceptions). OAKList provides a reference for publication policies.
The poster needs to go to the NBN website and read the tech docs.
The telephone service will be provided over the NBN using a dedicated channel and the UNI-V interface. This interface provides the standard copper connection that a POTS phone expects. Some providers may enable the voice circuit to be routed to a UNI-D data interface for an Asterisk PBX or the equivalent.
Using copper lines as the phone connection makes no sense as the NBN is replacing the copper network, and in greenfield areas like rebuilt Grantham will be the only network.
That would involve spending money
The systems are not trunked, and just like analogue radio, trunking makes phone patching easier (the radios have a dialpad for a start by default). I've used MPT1327 trunked radio with phone patches and ham radio with patches (in NZ, not Australia where they are still illegal).
The Queensland Police don't even have automatic position reporting, so the bus company has a better idea of where the buses are than where the police are
Google 'encryption'.
All P25 is digital, but not all P25 is encrypted. There are P25 ham radio repeaters in Australia, but these are not encrypted.
When the Queensland Police first announced they were moving to P25 many tow-truck operators bought P25 scanners from the US, but found they wasted their money when the Police bought the encryption option.
TETRA is not necessarily scrambled. Plain TETRA is still hard to listen too, but I guess a TETRA scanner could be made. TETRAPOL might have encryption as standard
Motorola operate a TETRA system in Australia called 'Zeon' which companies, councils and universities can subscribe too (each with their own fleets). I use the Brisbane City Council radios as part of the State Emergency Service. The phone patch capacity makes the police jealous since they can't manage it with their P25 radios.
Most encrypted (analogue or digital) radio systems have a remote stun/kill feature. When the radio is reported lost it is sent a message that disables it, or the disable code is sent regularly until the radio gives a stun/kill acknowledge. At that point the radio is a brick.
Queensland Police have been using encrypted P25 radios (not trunked) for some time in Brisbane & the Gold Coast. The media cannot monitor, but neither can tow-truck operators, which improves safety at road crashes. The clear-speech audio is recorded at Police HQ for later review or in court cases. The people that oversee police behaviour (Crime and Misconduct Commission) have access to this. Despite their own opinions, it is the CMC that keeps the Police honest in Qld, and that's why the CMC has access to the audio and the media do not.
It is easier to write an incorrect program than understand a correct one.
