The problem with 2 wheeled transportation alternatives is the clothing
There, fixed.
"There is no such thing as inappropriate weather, only inappropriate clothing". Really, the weather is not offten the most limiting factor. It is the gear selection.
Bikes are unusable on ice or snow.covered roads
Skinny tires sink through the snow. Knobbies grip on top of the snow. Studded tires work great on ice, and have knobs for snow. Studded are the most expensive at $50 a tire, but only needed in winter and last for years.
You'd freeze when theres a wind chill of 20 below 0
Clothes, wear them please. Yes 20 below is a really cold windchill. It does stop me, but that is because I don't have wind blocking gear. You can find plenty of blogs of bike commuters that do it daily though.
You'd get soaked in the rain
What, you don't take a shower? Once again, there is gear to address that. I'm a lucky person with showers at work, but I don't cycle in my work cloths. Even for short errands, I may drop a clean shirt in my bag for a quick change when I get to where I'm going.
Meh, I'll give you that, but that depends on your conditioning. Heat indexes over 105F can be dangerous but that only happens for at most 1 week a year for myself. So I take the motorcycle, which isn't far from being a electric bike.