We were taught the 4 elements, along with several different atomic theories, and a couple non-atomic theories (that is, that materials are continuous instead of being made of smaller parts like atoms). We were also taught several theories of celestial mechanics including epicycles and angels. Some class time was specifically dedicated to debating random philosophical ideas students came up with; in fact extra time was scheduled outside of class for several professors and any students who wanted to show up. I was also taught about 6 versions of creationism (from Idimmu Xul's sibling comment), and a few strains of evolution like punctuated equilibrium. I also was taught a lot of philosophy from Aristotle to Camus, a lot of theology (mostly Christian of some form, but a lot of it was inconsistent) etc.
In addition I learned modern physical theories like quantum mechanics (chemistry, cryptology, and physics), general relativity (with worked examples of real systems like GPS), and post-Mendelian genetics (incomplete dominance, linkage, maternal inheritance).
Because of this, I knew my way around the "space" of various fallacies, and I am familiar with what evidence supports which theories. With years of defending my ideas in various fora, what I have concluded is true is a young-earth "literal 6-day" creation, and a personally involved, omnipotent, creator-savior God. My point here isn't to start a debate. I'm just pointing out that you can't predict people that well.