I realize that you said you wanted a standard, but is USB enough of a standard or you want something more formalized? Because the bidirectional centronics wasn't the printer, it was the transport layer. Bidirectional for 3d printing to the same extent is already there.
More to the point, both printers I'm familiar with (stratasys and makerbot) provide feedback. You wanted:
1. rendering of current status -- that's just silly, you have the printer. More importantly, if you look at the printer you can see what it *really* looks like, not what it is supposed to look like. Some printers offer a camera so that you can monitor the print status (even remotely). Makerbot's software lets you see a visualize of the slicing *before* printing so you can see how it *should* look -- even better than your "render as it progesses" request.
2. information about consumables -- stratasys does this, but it is part of why you pay so much. To get that information from the printer it uses "smart" print spools. Makerbot is moving in that direction, but even with their older printers you get a "this print will use this much filament".
3. hours on the unit -- both stratasys and makerbot do this (shows percent complete/time elapsed).
4. stepping motor accuracy -- what? I'm not really sure what you are asking for here. In case you are confused, the stepping motors of serious printers are *very* accurate. But there's going to be some slop in the print due to the driving method and, inescapably, from printing with what is, essentially, a liquid. Are you wanting lasers to measure the accuracy of the print as it progresses? Sounds kinda cool, but what are you really wanting to measure? How will it be displayed? If it were a 2d color print you could have an image that visually displayed color accuracy, but for a 3d print I'm really not sure what you could do.
As for the "sealed unit" -- there are manufacturers that make that claim right now. As it happens, I don't believe them, but the claims still exist. Your statement about business and investment is a tautology. What a home user does is not an investment, but it is also basically irrelevant.
For what its worth, the reason I personally bought a printer is that it is the only viable option to producing some items. Despite some of the pie-in-the-sky beliefs about "3d printing" displacing traditional manufacturing that is not really even relevant. I can print a lego minifig, but I'd be the first to tell you to buy one rather than printing it (unless, like me, you wanted to print one "just because" -- but, really, if you want something like that just buy it). What I can't do is buy custom parts in a store. And using something like shapeways almost makes a stratasys printer look competitive. Unless you are very wealthy the 3d printing services are not feasible for any significant amount of printing. For work I did a write up comparing different options and, if you are going to do any amount of printing, it is cheaper to buy a 3d printer -- to include "eating" the cost of failures. Much, much cheaper.
3d printing then is viable for rapid prototyping (but you already knew that) and for custom printing needs where the print runs are still too small to justify setup costs for paying a production service, but not small enough for boutique printing like shapeways. That's a pretty narrow home market, but it exists. Whether or not it is actually large enough to support all the competing 3d printer manufacturers remains to be seen.